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Biomaterials and Culture Systems for Development of Organoid and Organ-on-a-Chip Models

Annals of Biomedical Engineering volume 48, pages 2002–2027 (2020)Cite this article

Abstract

The development of novel 3D tissue culture systems has enabled the in vitro study of in vivo processes, thereby overcoming many of the limitations of previous 2D tissue culture systems. Advances in biomaterials, including the discovery of novel synthetic polymers has allowed for the generation of physiologically relevant in vitro 3D culture models. A large number of 3D culture systems, aided by novel organ-on-a-chip and bioreactor technologies have been developed to improve reproducibility and scalability of in vitro organ models. The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and the increasing number of protocols to generate iPSC-derived cell types has allowed for the generation of novel 3D models with minimal ethical limitations. The production of iPSC-derived 3D cultures has revolutionized the field of developmental biology and in particular, the study of fetal brain development. Furthermore, physiologically relevant 3D cultures generated from PSCs or adult stem cells (ASCs) have greatly advanced in vitro disease modelling and drug discovery. This review focuses on advances in 3D culture systems over the past years to model fetal development, disease pathology and support drug discovery in vitro, with a specific focus on the enabling role of biomaterials.

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Acknowledgments

We wish to thank Dr. Penney Gilbert for providing us with guidance in the preparation of this review. Radisic lab is supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Operating Grants (MOP-126027 and MOP-137107), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery Grant (RGPIN 326982-10), NSERC-CIHR Collaborative Health Research Grant (CHRP 493737-16) and National Institutes of Health Grant 2R01 HL076485.

Authors contributions

KD, MK, AL, AM, YZ wrote and edited the manuscript. MR supervised the work and edited the manuscript.

Competing interests

Yimu Zhao and Milica Radisic are co-founders of TARA Biosystems Inc, and hold equity in the company.

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  1. Katya D’Costa, Milena Kosic, Angus Lam and Azeen Moradipour have contributed equally to this work.

Affiliations

  1. Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

    Katya D’Costa, Angus Lam, Azeen Moradipour, Yimu Zhao & Milica Radisic

  2. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

    Milena Kosic

  3. Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Milica Radisic

  4. Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Milica Radisic

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  1. Katya D’Costa
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  2. Milena Kosic
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  3. Angus Lam
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  4. Azeen Moradipour
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  5. Yimu Zhao
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  6. Milica Radisic
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Correspondence to Milica Radisic.

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D’Costa, K., Kosic, M., Lam, A. et al. Biomaterials and Culture Systems for Development of Organoid and Organ-on-a-Chip Models. Ann Biomed Eng 48, 2002–2027 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-020-02498-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-020-02498-w