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Development of Zinc Chelating Resin Polymer Beads for the Removal of Cell-Free Hemoglobin

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Abstract

Red blood cell (RBC) hemolysis is one of the most common storage lesions in packed RBCs (pRBC). Older units of pRBCs, especially those > 21 days old, have increasing levels of hemolysis leading to increased oxidative stress and premature platelet activation. This effect can mostly be attributed to the increase of cell-free hemoglobin (Hb). Therefore, removal of cell-free Hb from pRBCs prior to transfusion could mitigate these deleterious effects. We propose a new method for the removal of Hb from pRBCs using zinc beads. Prepared Hb solutions and pRBCs were treated with zinc beads using two different protocols. UV–Vis spectrophotometry was used to determine Hb concentrations, before and after treatment. Experiments were run in triplicate and paired t tests were used to determine significant differences between groups. Zinc beads removed on average 94% of cell-free Hb within 15 min and 78% Hb from pRBCs (p < 0.0001), demonstrating a maximum binding capacity ~ 66.2 ± 0.7 mg Hb/mL beads. No differences in RBC morphology or deformability were observed after treatment. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using zinc beads for the rapid and targeted removal of Hb from pRBC units. Further investigation is needed to scale this method for large volume removal.

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Acknowledgments

Funding for this study was provided by the National Science Foundation (NSF) REU Site: Imaging and Mechanics-based Projects on Accidental Cases of Trauma Impact, Award No. 1559700 (E. Rebholz summer REU intern), and National Institutes of Health (NIH). Specifically, NIH Subcontract (NIH U01 HL077863-11, Subaward No. 0010612B, Subcontract PI: E. Rahbar) and NIH Grant R01 HL098032 (D. Kim-Shapiro). Dr. Rahbar’s startup funds were also used to support this study.

Conflict of interest

No benefits in any form have been or will be received from a commercial party related directly or indirectly to the subject of this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Tech – Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 575 N. Patterson Ave., Suite 120, Winston Salem, NC, 27101, USA

    Kelli Simms, Elisabeth Rebholz, Robert M. Mayberry & Elaheh Rahbar

  2. Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, 1834 Wake Forest Rd, Winston Salem, NC, 27109, USA

    Swati Basu, Andreas Perlegas, Martin Guthold & Daniel B. Kim-Shapiro

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  1. Kelli Simms
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  2. Elisabeth Rebholz
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  3. Robert M. Mayberry
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  4. Swati Basu
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  7. Daniel B. Kim-Shapiro
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  8. Elaheh Rahbar
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Correspondence to Elaheh Rahbar.

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Simms, K., Rebholz, E., Mayberry, R.M. et al. Development of Zinc Chelating Resin Polymer Beads for the Removal of Cell-Free Hemoglobin. Ann Biomed Eng 47, 1470–1478 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-019-02249-6

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