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In Vitro Hydrodynamic, Transient, and Overtime Performance of a Miniaturized Valve for Hydrocephalus

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Abstract

Reliable cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) draining methods are needed to treat hydrocephalus, a chronic debilitating brain disorder. Current shunt implant treatments are characterized by high failure rates that are to some extent attributed to their length and multiple components. The designed valve, made of hydrogel, steers away from such protracted schemes and intends to provide a direct substitute for faulty arachnoid granulations, the brain’s natural CSF draining valves, and restore CSF draining operations within the cranium. The valve relies on innate hydrogel swelling phenomena to strengthen reverse flow sealing at idle and negative pressures thereby alleviating common valve failure mechanisms. In vitro measurements display operation in range of natural CSF draining (cracking pressure, P T ~ 1–110 mmH2O and outflow hydraulic resistance, R h ~ 24–152 mmH2O/mL/min), with negligible reverse flow leakage (flow, Q O > −10 µL/min). Hydrodynamic measurements and over-time tests under physically relevant conditions further demonstrate the valve’s operationally-reproducible properties and strengthen its validity for use as a chronic implant.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA

    Helen N. Schwerdt, Jennie Appel & Junseok Chae

  2. School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA

    Usamma Amjad

  3. Division of Neurological Surgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA

    Ali M. Elhadi, Ting Lei & Mark C. Preul

  4. Department of Neurosurgery, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, 85016, USA

    Ruth E. Bristol

  5. Koch Institute at MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA

    Helen N. Schwerdt

Authors
  1. Helen N. Schwerdt
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  2. Usamma Amjad
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  4. Ali M. Elhadi
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  8. Junseok Chae
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Correspondence to Helen N. Schwerdt.

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Associate Editor Andreas Anayiotos oversaw the review of this article.

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Schwerdt, H.N., Amjad, U., Appel, J. et al. In Vitro Hydrodynamic, Transient, and Overtime Performance of a Miniaturized Valve for Hydrocephalus. Ann Biomed Eng 43, 603–615 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-015-1291-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-015-1291-x

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