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Computational Modelling of Multi-folded Balloon Delivery Systems for Coronary Artery Stenting: Insights into Patient-Specific Stent Malapposition

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Abstract

Despite the clinical effectiveness of coronary artery stenting, percutaneous coronary intervention or “stenting” is not free of complications. Stent malapposition (SM) is a common feature of “stenting” particularly in challenging anatomy, such as that characterized by long, tortuous and bifurcated segments. SM is an important risk factor for stent thrombosis and recently it has been associated with longitudinal stent deformation. SM is the result of many factors including reference diameter, vessel tapering, the deployment pressure and the eccentric anatomy of the vessel. For the purpose of the present paper, virtual multi-folded balloon models have been developed for simulated deployment in both constant and varying diameter vessels under uniform pressure. The virtual balloons have been compared to available compliance charts to ensure realistic inflation response at nominal pressures. Thereafter, patient-specific simulations of stenting have been conducted aiming to reduce SM. Different scalar indicators, which allow a more global quantitative judgement of the mechanical performance of each delivery system, have been implemented. The results indicate that at constant pressure, the proposed balloon models can increase the minimum stent lumen area and thereby significantly decrease SM.

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Abbreviations

PCI:

Percutaneous coronary intervention

SM:

Stent malapposition

ST:

Stent thrombosis

DES:

Drug eluting stent

FEA:

Finite element analysis

RCA:

Right coronary artery

LAD:

Left anterior descenting

Cx:

Circumflex

LM:

Left main

TAC:

Total average curvature

TAT:

Total average torsion

VAS:

Volume average stress

AASM:

Area average stent malapposition

MLA:

Minimum lumen area

VG:

Volume gain

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Acknowledgments

This work was funded by Medtronic Inc. (Minnesota, USA), the Faculty of Engineering and the Environment and the Faculty of Medicine of Southampton University. The authors would like to acknowledge the unrestricted support offered which ultimately allowed the project to be completed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Computational Engineering & Design Group, Engineering & the Environment, University of Southampton, Boldrewood Campus, Southampton, SO16 7QF, UK

    Georgios E. Ragkousis & Neil W. Bressloff

  2. Wessex Cardiothoracic and Vascular Care Group, University Hospital Southampton, NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK

    Nick Curzen

  3. Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK

    Nick Curzen

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  1. Georgios E. Ragkousis
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Correspondence to Neil W. Bressloff.

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Associate Editor Peter E. McHugh oversaw the review of this article.

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Ragkousis, G.E., Curzen, N. & Bressloff, N.W. Computational Modelling of Multi-folded Balloon Delivery Systems for Coronary Artery Stenting: Insights into Patient-Specific Stent Malapposition. Ann Biomed Eng 43, 1786–1802 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-014-1237-8

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