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Engineering Bone Formation from Human Dental Pulp- and Periodontal Ligament-Derived Cells

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Abstract

A robust method for inducing bone formation from cultured dental mesenchymal cells has not been established. In this study, a method for generating bone tissue in vivo from cultured human dental pulp- and periodontal ligament-derived cells (DPCs and PDLCs, respectively) was designed using exogenous bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2). DPCs and PDLCs showed enhanced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcified nodule formation in medium containing dexamethasone, β-glycerophosphate, and ascorbic acid (osteogenic medium). However, the addition of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP2) to osteogenic medium remarkably increased ALP activity and in vitro calcification above the increases observed with osteogenic medium alone. rhBMP2 also significantly upregulated the expression of osteocalcin, osteopontin, and dentin matrix protein 1 mRNA in both cell types cultured in osteogenic medium. Finally, we detected prominent bone-like tissue formation in vivo when cells had been exposed to rhBMP2 in osteogenic medium. In contrast, treatments with osteogenic medium or rhBMP2 alone could not induce abundant mineralized tissue formation. We propose here that treatment with rhBMP2 in osteogenic medium can make dental mesenchymal tissues a highly useful source of cells for bone tissue engineering. In addition, both DPCs and PDLCs showed similar and remarkable osteo-inducibility.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan

    Hideyoshi Ikeda, Yoshinori Sumita, Mihoko Ikeda, Hisazumi Ikeda, Teruhito Okumura & Izumi Asahina

  2. Department of Oral Pathopharmacology, Unit of Basic Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan

    Eiko Sakai

  3. Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan

    Masahiro Nishimura

Authors
  1. Hideyoshi Ikeda
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  2. Yoshinori Sumita
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  3. Mihoko Ikeda
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  4. Hisazumi Ikeda
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  5. Teruhito Okumura
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  7. Masahiro Nishimura
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  8. Izumi Asahina
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Correspondence to Izumi Asahina.

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Associate Editor Mona Kamal Marei oversaw the review of this article.

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Ikeda, H., Sumita, Y., Ikeda, M. et al. Engineering Bone Formation from Human Dental Pulp- and Periodontal Ligament-Derived Cells. Ann Biomed Eng 39, 26–34 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-010-0115-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-010-0115-2

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