Table 2 Magnitudes of Local and Absolute maximum (Peak) neck loads (during time interval of continuous roof-to-ground contact)

From: Occupant Dynamics in Rollover Crashes: Influence of Roof Deformation and Seat Belt Performance on Probable Spinal Column Injury

Test parameter	Driver			Passenger
Test parameter	B190042	B190043	B180220	B190042	B190043	B180220
Max peak F _z (N)^a	−958	−1962	−1920	−5933	−3245	None^b
Local peak (s), F _z	−200	−295	−223	−361	−50	200–260
Max peak M _y (N m)	58	110	94	304	178	261
Local peak (s), M _y	2	11	2–54	12–22	20–24	10
Max peak M _x (N m)	−106	−124	−167	68	98	41
Local peak (s), M _x	−11 to −18	n/a	−20 to −46	9	12	19–21

^a F _z was measured at the dummy upper neck load cell; M _y and M _x measured at the lower load cell
^bIn Test 180220, no absolute maximum F _z was identified as all peak neck compression loads were within the range of 200–260 N

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