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Stress Relaxation in Porcine Septal Cartilage During Electromechanical Reshaping: Mechanical and Electrical Responses

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Electromechanical reshaping (EMR) of facial cartilage has recently been developed as an alternative to classic surgical techniques to alter cartilage shape. This study focuses on determining the underlying physical mechanisms responsible for shape change (stress relaxation) in mechanically deformed facial cartilage specimens exposed to constant electric fields. Flat porcine nasal septal cartilage specimens were deformed by an aluminum jig into semicylindrical shapes while a constant electric voltage was applied to the concave and convex surfaces of the specimen. Mechanical stress, electric current and resistance were measured during voltage application. Specimen shape retention was measured as retained bend angle. Total electric charge transferred in the electric circuit was calculated from the electric current measurement. Electrical resistance, transferred charge and the bend angle increase with increase in voltage application time until bend angle reaches maximum value determined by the jig geometry. Then, the bend angle decreases and electrical parameters nearly saturate. The time dependent behavior of electric current was analyzed using the Cottrell equation. The observed changes in electric current suggest that during the initial 1–2 min of EMR nonlinear diffusion determines electro-chemical reaction rates, which are then followed by a linear diffusion dominated process. Close correlation between alteration of cartilage mechanical state and change in its electrical properties suggest that an electro-chemical reaction is the dominant mechanism behind EMR.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This work was supported by Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550–04–1–0101) and the National Institutes of Health (DC005572, DC 00170, RR 01192). The authors express their gratitude to Dr. Patrick Farmer for his helpful discussions and to Chao Li and Ryan Wright for assistance with the experiments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Beckman Laser Institute, University of California Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, CA, 92612, USA

    Dmitriy E. Protsenko, Kevin Ho & Brian J. F. Wong

  2. Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, University of California Irvine, 101 The City Drive Bld. 25 Rt. 81, Orange, CA, 92868, USA

    Brian J. F. Wong

  3. Department of Biomedical Engineering Rockwell Engineering Center 204, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92612, USA

    Brian J. F. Wong

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  1. Dmitriy E. Protsenko
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Correspondence to Dmitriy E. Protsenko.

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Protsenko, D.E., Ho, K. & Wong, B.J.F. Stress Relaxation in Porcine Septal Cartilage During Electromechanical Reshaping: Mechanical and Electrical Responses. Ann Biomed Eng 34, 455–464 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-005-9051-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-005-9051-y

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