Abstract
We studied the effect of benzylamine, benzyl alcohol, and their derivatives (constituting a new group of synthetic analogues of natural auxins) on rooting of leaf and stem cuttings, rhizogenesis and growth of barley plantlets and tomato seedlings, and tomato plant productivity. These compounds promoted rooting of leaf and stem bean cuttings, increased rhizogenic activity, and stimulated the development of root systems in barley and tomato seeds. The activity of the compounds studied was similar to that of standard substances (3-indoleacetic acid potassium salt and 2-naphthylacetic acid). The benzyl group attached to the oxygen or nitrogen atom was shown to be the smallest molecular structure which provided auxin activity of the compounds. Derivatives of benzyl alcohol containing the quaternary ammonium fragment possessed auxin and anti-gibberellin (retardant) properties. They were selected by chemical synthesis of low-molecular-weight bioregulators with desired properties (a combination of chemical fragments with complementary physiological activity in the molecule). Auxin and anti-gibberellin (retardant) activities produced a synergistic effect. Germination of seeds treated with these compounds was accompanied by a more significant increase in the weight and length of roots (compared to standard auxins). The rate of seedling establishment reached 100%. The development of fruits and accumulation of reserve nutrient substances were synchronized and accelerated after spraying vegetating plants with solutions of studied compounds. The synergistic effect underlay a significant increase in the amount and quality of the crop (e.g., tomatoes).
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Gamburg, K.Z., Biokhimiya auksina i ego deistvie na kletki rastenii (Biochemistry of Auxin and Its Action on Plant Cells), Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1976.
Gamburg, K.Z., Kulaeva, O.N., Muromtsev, G.S., Prusakova, L.D., and Chkanikov, D.I., Regulyatory rosta rastenii (Regulators of Plant Growth), Moscow: Kolos, 1979.
Polevoi, V.V. and Salamatova, T.S., Fiziologiya rosta i razvitiya rastenii (Physiology of Growth and Development of Plants), Leningrad: Len. Gos. Univ., 1991.
Nikkel, L.Dzh., Regulyatory rosta rastenii. Primenenie v sel’skom khozyaistve (Regulators of Plant Growth: Application in Agriculture), Moscow: Kolos, 1984.
Mel’nikov, N.N., Pestitsidy: Khimiya, Tekhnologiya i Primenenie (Pesticides: Chemistry, Technology, and Use), Moscow: Khimiya, 1987.
Gafurov, R.G. and Makhmutova, A.A., Dokl. Akad. Nauk, 2003, vol. 391, no.4, pp. 562–565.
Miller, T., Rowley, G.L., and Stewart, Ch.G., J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 1966, vol. 88, no.10, pp. 2299–2304.
Riffkin, J.H. and Rubin, M.G., J. Amer. Pharm. Assoc., 1956, vol. 45, no.2, pp. 317–321.
Fearing, R.B. and Fox, S.W., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1954, vol. 76, no.17, pp. 4382–4385.
Strickler, S. and Rainer, A., Deutsches Patent Amt. Offenigungsschrift DE, p. 3126522 A1. Aktenzeichen P3126522.7, BRD, 1983.
Gafurov, R.G., Fedorov, B.S., and Martynov, I.V., A Way of Obtaining Crystalline N,N,N, N-dimethylbenzyl-(2-benzyloxyethyl) chloride, RF Patent no. 2 214 394, 2001.
Clemo, G.R. and Perkin, W.H., J. Chem. Soc., 1922, vol. 121, no.3, pp. 649–653.
Gafurov, R.G., Fedorov, B.S., and Martynov, I.V., A Way of Obtaining N,N,N,N-triethyl-(2-benzyloxyethyl) chloride, RF Patent no. 2 214 395, 2001.
Gafurov, R.G., Grigor’ev, V.Yu., Proshin, A.N., Chistyakov, V.G., Martynov, I.V., and Zefirov, N.S., Dokl. Akad. Nauk, 2004, vol. 394, no.5, pp. 710–714.
Kefeli, V.I., Chailakhyan, M.Kh., Turetskaya, R.Kh., Kof, E.M, Kochankov, V.G., Lozhnikova, V.N., Khlopenkova, L.P., Yanina, L.I., Komizerko, E.I., Mazin, V.V., Frolova, I.A., Yakovleva, L.V., Vlasov, P.V., and Podol’nyi, V.Z., Fiziol. Rast., 1975, vol. 22, no.6, pp. 1291–1296.
Kazakov, E.D., Metody otsenki kachestva zerna (Methods of Assessment of Grain Quality), Moscow: Agropromizdat, 1987.
Namura, H., Yagy, H., Iwata, T., and Tamura, S., Agr. Biol. Chem., 1974, vol. 38, no.1, pp. 141–148.
Bryzgalov, V.A., Spravochnik po ovoshchevodstvu (Vegetable Growing Reference Book), Leningrad: Kolos, 1982.
Gafurov, R.G., Nauka Proizvodstvu, 1999, no. 8, pp. 39–44.
Gafurov, R.G., in Regulyatory rosta i razvitiya rastenii v biotekhnologiyakh. Tezisy VI mezhdunarodnoi konferentsii (Regulation of Growth and Development of Plants in Biotechnologies. Abstr. VI Int. Conf.), Moscow: Timiryazev MSKhA, 2001, pp. 87–88.
Gafurov, R.G., in Tezisy XVII Mendeleevskogo s”zda po obshchei i prikladnoi khimii (Abstracts of XVII International Congress on General and Applied Chemistry), Kazan, 2003, vol. 4, p. 218.
Timeiko, L.V., Effect of Epibrassinolide and Ethychol on Thermoresistance and Formation of Productivity of Cucumis sativus L, Cand. Sci. (Biol.) Dissertation, Institute of Biology, Karel Scientific Center, RAS, Petrozavodsk., 2003.
Platonova, N.A., Putintsev, A.F., and Gafurov, R.G., in Regulyatory rosta i razvitiya rastenii v biotekhnologiyakh. Tezisy VI mezhdunarodnoi konferentsii (Regulation of Growth and Development of Plants in Biotechnologies. Abstr. VI Int. Conf.), Moscow: Timiryazev MSKhA, 2001, p. 116.
Mukhametshin, A.M. and Ismagilov, R.R., in Regulyatory rosta i razvitiya rastenii v biotekhnologiyakh. Tezisy VI mezhdunarodnoi konferentsii (Regulation of Growth and Development of Plants in Biotechnologies. Abstr. VI Int. Conf.), Moscow: Timiryazev MSKhA, 2001, p. 262.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Translated from Prikladnaya Biokhimiya i Mikrobiologiya, Vol. 41, No. 2, 2005, pp. 243–249.
Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Gafurov, Makhmutova.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gafurov, R.G., Makhmutova, A.A. Growth-regulating activity of N-benzyl- and O-benzyl-containing compounds belonging to a new group of synthetic analogues of natural auxins. Appl Biochem Microbiol 41, 213–218 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10438-005-0037-1
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10438-005-0037-1