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Revisiting the Epipalaeolithic-Neolithic Transition in the Extreme NW of Africa: The Latest Results of the Chronological Sequence of the Cave of Kaf Taht el-Ghar (Tétouan, Morocco)

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Abstract

This study focuses on the chronostratigraphic sequence of the Cave of Kaf Taht el-Ghar (Dar Ben Karrich, Tétouan, Morocco) excavated in 2012 in the framework of the AGRIWESTMED research project. The broad sequence reveals a series of occupations ranging from the Pleistocene (Moroccan Aterian) to recent historical times. Our research identifies a rich Early Neolithic phase (sixth millennium cal BC) containing the earliest pottery and domesticated animal and plant remains in the western Maghreb. However, this Early Neolithic level is not an immediate successor of the last traces of the Epipalaeolithic hunter-gatherer occupation, which started at the end of the Younger Dryas (10,900–9700 cal BC). An abandonment phase, spanning more than a millennium, separated them. This hiatus appears to originate from a cold climatic event that began in the late seventh millennium cal BC (ca. 6200 BC) and ended around the mid-sixth millennium cal BC.

Résumé

La présente étude est centrée sur la séquence chronostratigraphique de la grotte de Kaf Taht el-Ghar (Dar Ben Karrich, Tétouan, Maroc), fouillée pour la dernière fois en 2012 dans le cadre du projet de recherche AGRIWESTMED. La séquence générale révèle une série d’occupations allant du Pléistocène (Atérien marocain) jusqu’aux temps historiques récents. Parmi les résultats les plus remarquables, on peut souligner l’identification d’une riche phase du Néolithique Ancien (6ème millénaire avant JC) contenant les plus anciens restes de poteries et de plantes et animaux domestiques datés au Maghreb occidental. Cette phase n’est. pas consécutive à l’occupation épipaléolithique, car il existe une nette rupture entre les deux phases, qui s’étend sur plus d’un millénaire. Cela semble coïncider en partie avec l’événement climatique froid de 6200 cal av. J.-C. Le début de l´occupation épipaléolithique commencerait à son tour avec la fin du Dryas récent (10,900-9,700 cal av. J.-C.).

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Acknowledgments

This study was funded by a European Research Council Advanced Grant AGRIWESTMED (Origins and spread of agriculture in the western Mediterranean region) coordinated by L.P.-CH. It is dedicated to the memory of two dear colleagues, Lydia Zapata and Mustapha Nami, with whom we shared many passionate discussions aimed at a better understanding of this remarkable site.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Historia, Universidad de Córdoba, Plaza del Cardenal Salazar, 14071, Córdoba, Spain

    Rafael M. Martínez Sánchez

  2. Departamento de Historia I, Universidad de Huelva, Tres de Marzo S/N, 21071, Huelva, Spain

    Juan Carlos Vera-Rodríguez

  3. GRAM, Dept. de Prehistòria, Arqueologia i Hª Antiga, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain

    Guillem Pérez-Jordà

  4. GI Paleoeconomía y Subsistencia de las Sociedades Preindustriales, Instituto de Historia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CCHS-CSIC), Madrid, Spain

    Marta Moreno-García & Leonor Peña-Chocarro

  5. Institut des Sciences de l’Archéologie et du Patrimoine (INSAP), Rabat, Morocco

    Youssef Bokbot

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  1. Rafael M. Martínez Sánchez
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Martínez Sánchez, R.M., Vera-Rodríguez, J.C., Pérez-Jordà, G. et al. Revisiting the Epipalaeolithic-Neolithic Transition in the Extreme NW of Africa: The Latest Results of the Chronological Sequence of the Cave of Kaf Taht el-Ghar (Tétouan, Morocco). Afr Archaeol Rev 38, 251–274 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10437-021-09425-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10437-021-09425-x

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