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Numerical study on a throttling segregated fuel-oxidizer system using quasi-one-dimensional internal ballistics model

节流式燃氧分离固体发动机准一维内弹道数值研究

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Abstract

A quasi-one-dimensional numerical model is developed to provide the internal ballistics information of a throttling segregated fuel-oxidizer system (SFOS). The present throttling SFOS is capable of regulating its thrust by adjusting the opening radius of a throttle valve mounted between the head-end fuel-rich chamber and the aft-end oxygen-rich chamber. The numerical model employs a simplified reaction mechanism to describe the chemical non-equilibrium processes and considers mass addition, wall friction, and propellant surface regression in the combustion chambers. With this numerical model, the internal flow parameter distributions and the performance of the throttling SFOS are demonstrated. The steady operation results show that when the throttle valve opening radius is adjusted from 10.5 mm to 1.4 mm, the motor thrust can be increased from 121.82 N to 250.60 N, which is a 206% thrust promotion. It validates the conception of throttling SFOS. The flow parameters also suggest that the function of the throttle valve can only be manifested when the valve opening radius is quite small. The dynamic operation results reveal that the performance histories of the throttling SFOS experience slight anti-regulations at the end of the valve actuation, which deserves extra protective measures. A theoretical prediction of the thrust regulation ability of the throttling SFOS is provided. It suggests that the thrust regulation ability is limited by the fuel-rich chamber pressure and the initial mass flow rate ratio, and a compromise has to be made among multiple parameters to achieve a reasonable thrust regulation ratio. Finally, the grain arrangement is tentatively discussed. It shows that, based on the present modeling conditions, the fuel-oxygen grain arrangement is superior in its thrust regulation ability than the reversed oxygen-fuel grain arrangement.

摘要

本文建立了用于计算节流式燃氧分离固体发动机内弹道的准一维数值模型. 节流式燃氧分离固体发动机通过改变富燃燃烧室 和富氧燃烧室之间的节流阀开口半径来实现其推力的调节. 数值模型采用简化的反应机理来描述化学非平衡过程, 且考虑了燃烧室中 的质量添加、壁面摩擦和推进剂燃面退移过程. 利用该数值模型展示了节流式燃氧分离固体发动机的内部流动参数分布和工作性能. 发动机稳定工作状态结果显示, 当节流阀开度半径由10.5 mm调节至1.4 mm时, 发动机推力由121.82 N增加至250.60 N, 推力提升了 206%, 验证了节流式燃氧分离固体发动机概念的可行性. 流动参数也表明节流阀的调节作用仅在阀门开度较小时才得以充分体现. 发 动机动态工作过程结果显示, 在调节阀停止作动时, 节流式燃氧分离固体发动机性能会产生负调现象, 因而需要对发动机采取额外的 保护措施. 对节流式燃氧分离固体发动机调节能力的理论预测发现, 发动机的推力调节能力受限于富燃燃烧室压力和初始质量流量比, 需要在多个参数之间进行权衡以实现合理的推力调节比. 最后对推进剂的布置方式进行了初步探讨. 结果表明, 燃氧推进剂布置下发 动机的推力调节能力优于氧燃推进剂布置.

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Acknowledgements This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2019-083). The authors owe a great debt to the late Prof. Wei Zhang of the College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China

    Limin Wang  (王立民) & Xing Zhou  (周星)

  2. Inner Mongolia Dynamic and Mechanical Institute, Hohhot, 010011, China

    Limin Wang  (王立民)

  3. College of Aerospace and Civil Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, China

    Fuqi Wang  (王富祺), Zhibang Wang  (王志邦), Ge Wang  (王革) & Ben Guan  (关奔)

  4. College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China

    Yingnan Wang  (王英男)

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  1. Limin Wang  (王立民)
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Contributions

Author contributions Limin Wang: Conceptualization; Writing–review & editing. Fuqi Wang: Writing–original draft; Investigation. Zhibang Wang: Software; Investigation. Yingnan Wang: Software; Investigation. Ge Wang: Funding acquisition; Project administration; Resources. Ben Guan: Writing–review & editing. Xing Zhou: Investigation.

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Correspondence to Ge Wang  (王革).

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Wang, L., Wang, F., Wang, Z. et al. Numerical study on a throttling segregated fuel-oxidizer system using quasi-one-dimensional internal ballistics model. Acta Mech. Sin. 40, 323021 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10409-023-23021-x

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