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Global cavitation patterns and corresponding hydrodynamics of the hydrofoil with leading edge roughness

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Abstract

The objective of this paper is to experimentally investigate the cavitation patterns and corresponding hydrodynamics of the hydrofoil with leading edge roughness. The aims are to (1) understand the effect of the leading edge roughness on the hydrodynamic performance, and (2) have a good knowledge of the interaction between the leading edge roughness and the cavitation patterns. Experimental results are indicated for the NACA 66 hydrofoils with and without leading edge roughness at different incidence angles for sub and cavitation conditions. The experiments are conducted in the EPFL high-speed cavitation tunnel (Avellan 2015). The results showed that the leading edge roughness has a significant effect on the hydrodynamic performance at the sub cavitation, suppressing the formation of the incipient cavitation. The lift coefficient of the hydrofoil without leading edge roughness is larger than that of the hydrofoil with leading edge roughness, while for the drag coefficients, the results are contrary for the lift coefficient, and the maximum lift-to-drag ratio angle is delayed for the hydrofoil with leading edge roughness. The leading edge roughness modified the local pressure distribution at the leading edge region, which in turn significantly increased the minimum pressure coefficient, hence the incipient cavitation number of the hydrofoil with leading edge roughness. The formation and evolution of the transient cavity for the cloud cavitation is little affected by the leading edge roughness.

Graphic abstract

The re-entrant jet begins to form at the rear end of the cavity, due to the high reverse pressure gradient and moves toward the leading edge of the hydrofoil, then the cloud cavity gets organized by high vapor fraction and is lifted away from the surface, in which the cavity height (Δh) is larger than the roughness (Ra) and also, there is a distance between the leading edge roughness and re-entrant jet (Δs). Hence the leading edge roughness has a great effect on the leading edge local pressure distribution for the formation of incipient cavitation, while it is inessential for the evolution of the cloud cavitation.

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Abbreviations

u :

Inflow velocity [m/s]

b :

Span lengths [m]

c :

Mean chord [m]

h :

Roughness [m]

Δh :

Cavity height [m]

Δs :

Distance between roughness and re-entrant jet [m]

v :

Fluid kinematic viscosity [m2/s]

Re :

Reynolds number, Re = uc/v

ρ :

Fluid density [kg/m3]

α :

Hydrofoil geometry incidence relative to freestream flow (incidence angle)

α e :

Maximum lift-to-drag ratio angle

α cr :

Stall angle

α 0 :

Zero-lift angle

σ :

Cavitation number

σ i :

Incipient cavitation number

P ∞ :

Fluid static pressure [Pa]

P v :

Saturated vapor pressure [Pa]

C l :

Lift coefficient

C d :

Drag coefficient

C m :

Moment coefficient

L :

Hydrodynamic lift [N]

D :

Hydrodynamic drag [N]

M :

Hydrodynamic moment [N]

K :

Lift-to-drag ratio

C p,min :

Minimum pressure coefficient

P i :

Minimum surface pressure at leading edge region [Pa]

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the great help of Dr. Mohamed Farhat (EPFL-LMH) and the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos: 51909002, 51839001, and 91752105), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, and the Open Fund for Key Laboratory of Fluid and Power Machinery, Ministry of Education (Grant Nos: szjj2018-124 and szjj2019-024).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, China

    Qian Chen, Yunqing Liu, Qin Wu, Taotao Liu & Guoyu Wang

  2. Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu University, 212013, Jiangsu, China

    Yong Wang

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  1. Qian Chen
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Chen, Q., Liu, Y., Wu, Q. et al. Global cavitation patterns and corresponding hydrodynamics of the hydrofoil with leading edge roughness. Acta Mech. Sin. 36, 1202–1214 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10409-020-00992-x

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