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Biomechanics in plant resistance to drought

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Abstract

During drought, plant functions at multi-levels (i.e., tissue, cellular and molecular) are adjustable with the change of water condition, which is known as drought resistance. Various biological, chemical and physical mechanisms have been found in plant drought resistance, among which the role of physical cues (especially mechanics) has attracted significantly increasing attention. Recent studies have shown that mechanics is one of the fundamental factors that control the responses and self-adaptation from tissue to molecular levels in plant when the external conditions changes. In the review, we examine how the factor of mechanics acts on the multi-level plant functions under drought stress, including water transport, tissue deformation, cell growth, cell movements, molecules interaction and signal pathway.

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Abbreviations

Stamens:

The pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower

Xylem:

One transport tissue in vascular plants that can transport water and some nutrients from the roots to leaves

Vessels:

A system in xylem that can conduct water and consists of a column of cells

Tracheid:

Elongated cells in the xylem that can transport water and mineral salts

Conduits:

Cells that can conduct water in trees

Sapwood:

The newest part of xylem, and contains living ray cells

Xylem sap:

Water flowing in xylem conduits

Phloem:

The living cells in vascular plants that consists of sieve tubes, parenchyma cells and so on, and can also transport sugars from the leaves to other parts, like roots

Cavitation:

Bubbles are formed in liquid phase under relatively low pressure and break the water transporting in trees

Transpiration:

Water evaporation through a plant aboveground parts, such as stems, leaves and flowers

Transpiration pull:

The force driving water upward from the root to leaves especially from the stomata

Trichome:

Epidermal outgrowths produced into an elongate hair-like structure

Pollen grains:

Male microgametophytes of seed plants

Pollen tube:

Germinate from pollen grains to acts as a conduit to transport the male

Cytoplasmic streaming:

Directed flow of cytosol and organelles in fungal and plant cells

Stomata:

A pore surrounded by a pair of guard cells is used to control gas exchange and water budget

Guard cells:

Specialized cells in the epidermis of leaves, stems and other organs form the stomata

Cytoskeleton:

Epidermal outgrowths produced into an elongate hair-like structure

Arabinogalactan-proteins:

A class of glycoproteins in periphery of plant cells

Extracellular matrix:

Extracellular substance secreted by cells that provides structural, biophysical and biochemical support to the surrounding cells

Actin filament bundles:

Filamentous structures in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells and form part of the cytoskeleton

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 11532009, 11972280, 11972185, 11902155, and 11902245), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant BK20190382), the foundation of “Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Bionic Functional Materials”, the Foundation for the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, the Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Mechanics, and Control of Mechanical Structures of China (Grants MCMS-I-0219K01 and MCMS-E-0219K02).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China

    Shaobao Liu, Jun Yin & Tian Jian Lu

  2. Nanjing Center for Multifunctional Lightweight Materials and Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China

    Shaobao Liu, Jun Yin & Tian Jian Lu

  3. MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049, China

    Han Liu & Feng Xu

  4. Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049, China

    Han Liu, Jiaojiao Jiao & Feng Xu

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  1. Shaobao Liu
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Correspondence to Tian Jian Lu or Feng Xu.

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Liu, S., Liu, H., Jiao, J. et al. Biomechanics in plant resistance to drought. Acta Mech. Sin. 36, 1142–1157 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10409-020-00980-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10409-020-00980-1

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