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Experimental study on correlation between turbulence and sound in a subsonic wind tunnel

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Abstract

In this paper, the effects of turbulence on sound generation and velocity fluctuations due to pressure waves in a large subsonic wind tunnel are studied. A trip strip located at different positions in the contraction part or at one position in the diffuser of a large wind tunnel is used to investigate the aforementioned phenomenon, and the results indicate that the trip strip has significant effects on sound reduction. The lowest turbulence intensity and sound are obtained from a trip strip with a diameter of 0.91 mm located either at X/L = 0.79 or at X/L = 0.115 in the wide portion of the contraction. Furthermore, the effect of monopole, dipole and quadrupole sources of aerodynamic noise at different velocities is investigated, and it is demonstrated that the contribution of the monopole is dominant, while the shares due to the dipole and quadrupole remain less important. In addition, it is found that the sound waves have a modest impact on the measured longitudinal turbulence and are generated essentially by eddies.

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Abbreviations

Umean, Vmean:

time averaged velocities (m·s−1)

U i , V i :

instantaneous fluctuating velocities (m·s−1)

urms, vrms:

root mean square velocities (m·s−1)

N :

number of sample points

T u & T v :

relative turbulence intensity (%)

T I :

total turbulence intensity in 2-D flow (%)

G(r, t):

mass injection

F (r, t):

body force per unit volume

P′(r, t):

instantaneous sound pressure (Pa)

ρv i v j , T ij :

Lighthill tensor (kg·m−2s−2)

u′2,v′2:

second order moments (m2·s−2)

U p :

wave propagation speed

\({\bar{P}}\) :

sound pressure root mean square (Pa)

ρ :

air density (kg·m−3)

a 0 :

free stream sound velocity (m·s−1)

v′u′, u′v′:

shear stress tensor (m2·s−2)

Ma :

Mach number

p′:

pressure fluctuation

u′ p :

x-component of the longitudinal velocity fluctuation due to the pressure field

\({C_{\tilde {p}}}\) :

fluctuating pressure coefficient

R = | R |:

source-observer vector (R = r − rs)

Te :

retarded time

(r, t):

time and space location of the observer

Rs :

coordinates of the sources

φ :

angle between r and rs

n i :

unit normal to the body surface enclosed by S

Vi :

fluid velocity components

F :

wall frequency (Hz)

k H,n :

wind tunnel wavenumbers

H :

width (height) of the test section

λ H :

tunnel wavelength

N :

nth harmonic

U 0 :

free stream velocity (m·s−1)

RMS:

root mean square

SLM:

sound level meter

SPL:

sound pressure level

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Aerospace Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, PO Box 11365-9567, Tehran, Iran

    M. D. Manshadi, K. Ghorbanian & M. R. Soltani

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  1. M. D. Manshadi
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  2. K. Ghorbanian
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  3. M. R. Soltani
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Correspondence to M. D. Manshadi.

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Manshadi, M.D., Ghorbanian, K. & Soltani, M.R. Experimental study on correlation between turbulence and sound in a subsonic wind tunnel. Acta Mech Sin 26, 531–539 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10409-010-0362-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10409-010-0362-3

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