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Asthma in Klinik und Praxis

Asthma – inpatient and outpatient care

  • Leitthema
  • Published:
Zeitschrift für Pneumologie Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Asthma ist eine klinische Diagnose, wobei aktuelle Leitlinien ergänzend zur Beurteilung der Lungenfunktion die Berücksichtigung der Typ-2-Biomarker Eosinophile im Blut und Fraktion des exhalierten Stickstoffmonoxids („fraction of exhaled nitric oxide“, FeNO) empfehlen. Eine Phänotypisierung der Asthmaerkrankung auf Grundlage von Anamnese (u. a. Allergie), Biomarkern und Komorbiditäten ist Voraussetzung einer personalisierten Therapie. Inhalative Glukokortikoide (Inhaled corticosteroids, ICS) sind die in jeder Therapiestufe zu bevorzugende Basis der Therapie: Diese werden mit zunehmendem Asthmaschweregrad ergänzt durch lang wirksame Bronchodilatatoren und bei schwerem Asthma durch monoklonale Antikörper, die gegen Schlüsselmediatoren der asthmatischen Entzündung gerichtet sind (Biologika). Die enormen Fortschritte in der Therapie haben zu einer sehr guten Asthmakontrolle bei der sehr großen Mehrheit der Patientinnen und Patienten geführt, sodass die Asthmaerkrankung heute eine Domäne der ambulanten fachärztlichen Versorgung ist.

Abstract

Asthma is a clinical diagnosis, whereby current guidelines newly recommend measurement of the type 2 biomarkers eosinophils in blood and fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), in addition to evaluation of lung function parameters. A precise phenotyping of the asthma illness, based on the medical history (including allergies), biomarkers and comorbidities, is a prerequisite for a personalized treatment. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are the preferred treatment option in every treatment stage, with increasing asthma severity complemented by long-acting bronchodilators and in severe asthma by monoclonal antibodies directed against key mediators of the asthmatic inflammation (biologicals). The tremendous progress in treatment has led to very good asthma control in the vast majority of patients. As a consequence, treatment of asthma patients is now the domain of outpatient specialist care.

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Correspondence to Timm Greulich.

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T. Greulich erhielt Honorare für Vortrags- und Beratertätigkeiten von AstraZeneca, Berlin-Chemie, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Chiesi, CSL-Behring, GlaxoSmithKline, Grifols, Novartis und Sanofi sowie Forschungsunterstützung an die Universität Marburg durch Grifols. R. Buhl erhielt Honorare für Vortrags- und Beratertätigkeiten von AstraZeneca, Berlin-Chemie, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, Cipla, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi und Teva sowie Forschungsunterstützung an die Universitätsmedizin Mainz durch AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bosch, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, Roche und Sanofi.

Für diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autor/-innen keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgeführt. Für die aufgeführten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.

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M. Kreuter, Mainz

H. Schaedler, Heidelberg

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Der Verlag bleibt in Hinblick auf geografische Zuordnungen und Gebietsbezeichnungen in veröffentlichten Karten und Institutsadressen neutral.

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Greulich, T., Buhl, R. Asthma in Klinik und Praxis. Z Pneumologie 21, 114–122 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10405-024-00546-z

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