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Auswirkungen atopischer Erkrankungen auf Schlafqualität und kognitive Kompetenz

Impact of atopic diseases on quality of sleep and cognitive competence

  • Leitthema
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Zusammenfassung

Allergische Erkrankungen zeigen eine ausgeprägte zirkadiane Variabilität mit nächtlichem Beschwerdemaximum. Die damit einhergehende Schlaffragmentierung führt dazu, dass Betroffene häufig unter Tagesschläfrigkeit und relevanten Beeinträchtigungen der Lebensqualität leiden. Aufgrund der diagnostischen Lücke zur objektiven Erfassung werden nächtliche Asthmasymptome und allergieinduzierte Schlafstörungen in ihrer Häufigkeit unterschätzt. Daher sollten bei der Langzeitbetreuung von Asthma, atopischer Dermatitis oder allergischer Rhinitis die strukturierte Erfassung schlafbezogener Beschwerden sowie die Ermittlung von Schlafqualität und Tagesschläfrigkeit zur Routine gehören.

Umgekehrt müssen die sehr häufigen atopischen Erkrankungen bei der (primär somnologischen) Abklärung von Tagesschläfrigkeit berücksichtigt werden. Da Asthma und das obstruktive Schlafapnoe-Syndrom oft gemeinsam auftreten, sollte bei Diagnosestellung der einen Erkrankung auch gezielt nach der jeweils anderen gesucht werden.

Abstract

Allergic diseases display a marked circadian variability with the maximum of disease activity at night. Due to the subsequent disruption of sleep architecture, affected patients often suffer from daytime drowsiness and relevant impairment of their quality of life. Due to the diagnostic gaps in the objective detection, the frequency of nocturnal asthma symptoms and allergy-induced sleep disorders are underestimated. Therefore, the long-term care of patients with asthma, atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis should routinely include the structured detection of sleep-related complaints and a regular assessment of sleep quality and daytime drowsiness. Vice versa, the very frequent atopic diseases should be routinely considered in the differential diagnostics (primarily somnological) of daytime drowsiness. As asthma and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome often occur together, the finding of one of these entities should prompt the systematic search for the other.

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  1. Klinik für Pädiatrische Pneumologie und Allergologie, Kinder-Universitätsklinik Ostbayern (KUNO) am Standort Klinik St. Hedwig, Regensburg, Deutschland

    Sebastian Kerzel

  2. Pädiatrische Pneumologie, Allergologie und CF Zentrum, Klinikum Stuttgart, Standort Mitte (Olgahospital), Kriegsbergstraße 62, 70174, Stuttgart, Deutschland

    Markus A. Rose M.P.H.

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S. Kerzel hat Vortragshonorare der Firmen Heinen & Löwenstein GmbH und Nutricia GmbH erhalten. M.A. Rose hat Unterstützung für Forschungsprojekte, Kongressbesuche und Vortragshonorare u. a. der Firmen Bencard Allergie, Allergopharm, Leti, Pari erhalten.

Für diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autoren keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgeführt. Für die aufgeführten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.

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M. Rose, Stuttgart

Der Artikel basiert auf Kerzel S (2016) Was hustet und juckt da im Dunkeln? Nächtliches Asthma und allergieinduzierte Schlafstörungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Somnologie 20:288–296. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11818-016-0082-4.

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Kerzel, S., Rose, M.A. Auswirkungen atopischer Erkrankungen auf Schlafqualität und kognitive Kompetenz. Pneumologe 18, 378–390 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10405-021-00418-w

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