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Berufsbedingtes Asthma

Immer ernst nehmen!

Work-related asthma

Always take seriously!

  • Leitthema
  • Published:
Der Pneumologe Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Ein Asthma bronchiale kann durch eine berufliche Exposition verursacht und/oder verschlimmert werden. Der Anteil von arbeitsplatzassoziiertem Asthma bronchiale liegt nach internationalen bevölkerungsbezogenen Studien bei 10–15 % aller Asthmaerkrankungen bei Erwachsenen. Asthmatische Erkrankungen mit Arbeitsplatzbezug können sowohl durch Atemwegsallergene als auch durch chemisch-irritativ oder toxisch wirkende Arbeitsstoffe ausgelöst werden. Die Diagnostik des arbeitsplatzassoziierten Asthma bronchiale umfasst zunächst eine ausführliche Arbeitsanamnese. Diese wird durch allergologische Testungen auf Berufsallergene sowie durch Versuche der Objektivierung des berichteten Arbeitsplatzbezugs z. B. durch Peak-Flow-Messungen mit und ohne Arbeitsplatzexposition ergänzt. Finden sich hierbei belastbare Fakten für einen Kausalzusammenhang, muss eine Berufskrankheitenanzeige bezüglich eines Berufsasthmas erstattet werden. Darüber hinaus können arbeitsplatzassoziierte Atemwegsbeschwerden auch Hinweise auf unzureichenden Arbeitsschutz geben. Für ein gutes Asthmapatientenmanagement ist eine Zusammenarbeit von Pneumologen und Betriebsärzten erforderlich, unabhängig ob der Verdacht auf eine Berufskrankheit vorliegt oder nicht.

Abstract

Bronchial asthma can be induced and/or worsened by occupational exposure. Approximately 10–15% of all asthmatic diseases in adults are related to the workplace according to international epidemiological studies. Work-related asthmatic diseases can be triggered by airway allergens as well as by chemical irritants and working materials with toxic effects. The diagnostics of work-related bronchial asthma include a comprehensive workplace-related medical history. This is complemented by testing for occupational allergens and an attempt to objectify the reported association of symptoms to the workplace, for example by monitoring lung function with and without exposure at the workplace. If reliable facts for a causal association can be found, a complaint of an occupational disease with respect to work-related asthma must be filed. Furthermore, workplace-related breathing difficulties can be a sign of insufficient workplace safety. In order to optimize management of asthma patients, a collaboration between pneumologists and company physicians is necessary, independent of whether there is a suspicion of a work-related disease or not.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Arbeits‑, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin, Klinikum der Universität München, Ziemssenstr. 1, 80336, München, Deutschland

    U. Ochmann & D. Nowak

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  1. U. Ochmann
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  2. D. Nowak
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Correspondence to U. Ochmann.

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U. Ochmann und D. Nowak geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine von den Autoren durchgeführten Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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M. Rolke, Aschaffenburg

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Ochmann, U., Nowak, D. Berufsbedingtes Asthma. Pneumologe 15, 164–173 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10405-017-0152-8

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