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Strahlentherapie des nicht-kleinzelligen Lungenkarzinoms

Radiotherapy of non-small cell lung cancer

  • Leitthema
  • Published:
Der Pneumologe Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Die traditionellen Anwendungsbereiche der Strahlentherapie (RT) des nicht-kleinzelligen Bronchialkarzinoms (NSCLC) sind die lokal fortgeschrittenen Stadien IIIa4 und IIIb. Für diese Indikationen konnten in den letzten Jahren erschienene Studien die Rolle der simultanen Radiochemotherapie als Therapiestandard festigen. Weitere Verbesserungen der Behandlungsergebnisse lassen sich durch moderne strahlentherapeutische Techniken erreichen. Allerdings werden auch die Grenzen dieses Konzepts unter den derzeitigen technischen Gegebenheiten erkennbar. Zukünftige Fortschritte könnten durch Einbeziehung metabolischer Tumorcharakteristika in die Bestrahlungsplanung (wie Hypoxie) oder durch Kombination mit neuartigen, z. B. immuntherapeutischen Verfahren, erreicht werden. Diese Verfahren befinden sich jedoch überwiegend noch im Stadium der klinischen Forschung. Dagegen haben sich Fortschritte insbesondere hinsichtlich des Einsatzes der stereotaktischen RT ergeben. Früher oft leider nur als eine Nischenanwendung angesehen, etabliert sich die Körperstereotaxie in der klinischen Routine nicht nur als Option für inoperable Patienten, sondern zunehmend auch als wahrscheinlich gleichwertige Alternative zur operativen Therapie. Zudem wird die stereotaktische RT immer mehr zu einem wichtigen Bestandteil der multimodalen Therapie in metastasierten Stadien. Diese Arbeit möchte einen Überblick über kürzlich erzielte Fortschritte, den gegenwärtigen Stand und zukünftige Entwicklungen der RT beim NSCLC geben.

Abstract

Traditionally, radiotherapy has been a mainstay in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) particularly in the locally advanced stages IIIa and IIIb. Recently published data from studies confirmed the role of concurrent chemoradiotherapy as the standard treatment of these locally advanced tumors. Results could be improved further by modern radiotherapy techniques; however, the limitations of this concept under the current technical circumstances could also be recognized. In the future, advances could be achieved by inclusion of information on metabolic characteristics of tumors in radiotherapy planning (such as hypoxia) or by combination with novel modalities, e. g. immunotherapy; however, currently these concepts are predominantly still in the stage of clinical research. In contrast, progress has been made concerning the utilization of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy. Formerly, unfortunately often regarded by many as a niche technology, stereotactic body radiotherapy has evolved not only into a routine clinical option for inoperable patients but also into an alternative treatment option probably equivalent to surgery. Furthermore, stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy is emerging as an important component of multimodal treatment concepts in metastatic stages. This article gives an overview of recent advances, current standards and emerging developments in the radiotherapy of NSCLC.

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Correspondence to M. Flentje.

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P. Kleine und M. Flentje geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine von den Autoren durchgeführten Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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B. Jany, Würzburg

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Kleine, P., Flentje, M. Strahlentherapie des nicht-kleinzelligen Lungenkarzinoms. Pneumologe 13, 241–248 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10405-016-0047-0

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