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Impfungen im Alter

Vaccination in the elderly

  • Leitthema
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Der Pneumologe Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Respiratorische Infektionen treten bei älteren Menschen häufiger auf und verlaufen oftmals komplikationsträchtiger. Dies gilt insbesondere für die ambulant erworbene Pneumonie, deren häufigste Erreger Pneumokokken sind, und die Influenza. Des Weiteren wird in den letzten Jahren in den meisten Industrienationen eine Zunahme an Pertussisfällen bei (älteren) Erwachsenen registriert. Für Influenza, Pertussis und einen Teil der 91 bekannten Pneumokokken-Serotypen existieren zugelassene Schutzimpfungen. Aufgrund der Immunseneszenz ist die Effektivität der Schutzimpfungen im Alter eingeschränkt, auch wenn klinische Studien weiterhin einen deutlichen Nutzen nahe legen. Der physiologischen Einschränkung der Impfantwort kann durch spezielle Impfkonzepte (Adjuvanzien, intradermale Injektion, Wiederholungsimpfung, Konjugatvakzine) teilweise Rechnung getragen werden. In der vorliegenden Übersicht werden die Impfempfehlungen zu Influenza, Pneumokokken und Pertussis beim älteren Menschen vorgestellt und diskutiert.

Abstract

Respiratory tract infections occur more frequently in the elderly and more often show a severe course, in particular community-acquired pneumonia and influenza. Within the last decade an increase in pertussis infections in the elderly has been reported from many industrialized countries. There are licensed vaccinations against influenza, pertussis and some of the 91 known pneumococcal serotypes. Despite the fact that clinical studies have clearly demonstrated the benefit of vaccination in the elderly, vaccine efficacy is limited because of the aging immune system. Immunosenescence can at least in part be compensated by special vaccination strategies (e.g. adjuvants, intradermal injection, repeated vaccinations and conjugated vaccines). This review discusses the recommendations for vaccination against respiratory pathogens (e.g. pneumococci, influenza and pertussis) in the elderly.

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Interessenkonflikt

Der korrespondierende Autor weist auf folgende Beziehung hin: M.W. Pletz und A. Kwetkat haben Vortragshonorare von Pfizer bekommen und sind Mitglieder des Advisory Board. S. Hagel hat keine Interessenkonflikte.

Danksagung

Die Arbeit von M.W. Pletz und S. Hagel wird durch eine Förderung des BMBF unterstützt (01 KI 1204).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Abt. Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie, Infektiologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, 07740, Jena, Deutschland

    S. Hagel &  M.W. Pletz

  2. Integriertes Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum „Sepsis und Sepsisfolgen“, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Deutschland

    S. Hagel &  M.W. Pletz

  3. Klinik für Geriatrie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Deutschland

    A. Kwetkat

Authors
  1. A. Kwetkat
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  2. S. Hagel
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  3. M.W. Pletz
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Correspondence to M.W. Pletz.

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Kwetkat, A., Hagel, S. & Pletz, M. Impfungen im Alter. Pneumologe 9, 351–358 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10405-011-0520-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10405-011-0520-8

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