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Nichtinvasive Beatmung am Lebensende

Ethische Gesichtspunkte

Non-invasive ventilation at the end of life

Ethical aspects

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Zusammenfassung

Der Stellenwert nichtinvasiver Beatmung (NIV) am Ende des Lebens ist bisher nicht ausreichend belegt. Dies gilt vor allem bei Einsatz von NIV zur Linderung von Atemnot. Das erklärt unterschiedliche Stellungnahmen verschiedener wissenschaftlicher Fachgesellschaften in verschiedenen Ländern. Umfrageergebnisse zeigen jedoch, dass im klinischen Alltag die Methode bereits relativ häufig eingesetzt wird. Bei Vorliegen einer Patientenverfügung mit einer sog. „Do-not-intubate“-Anweisung kann NIV unter der Prämisse eingesetzt werden, dass in der Verfügung lediglich eine Intubation, nicht jedoch die Beatmungstherapie abgelehnt wird. Der Einsatz sollte aber auf die klinischen Situationen, in denen NIV bekanntermaßen sehr effektiv ist (z. B. akute Exazerbation einer chronisch-obstruktiven Atemwegserkrankung oder kardiogenes Lungenödem), beschränkt werden. Eine individuelle Indikationsstellung nach ausführlicher Aufklärung und die gemeinsame Entscheidungsfindung sind Ausdruck der Fürsorge für den Patienten.

Abstract

The value of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) at the end of life is not sufficiently well known. This must be considered when NIV is used to palliate dyspnea. This explains the different statements made by scientific societies in different countries. However, as survey results have shown, NIV is used relatively often in clinical practice. NIV should be used if patients have made an advanced directive to forego endotracheal intubation but not mechanical ventilation. The indication is valid especially in situations with evidence-based effectiveness of NIV, such as acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or cardiogenic lung edema. The individual indications for NIV should be evaluated in a shared decision-making process after careful discussion of the determinants of success and failure, which are expressions of good medical care for the patient.

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Karg, O., Geiseler, J. & Fresenius, J. Nichtinvasive Beatmung am Lebensende. Pneumologe 7, 110–113 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10405-009-0372-7

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