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Materialien und Technik der nichtinvasiven Beatmung

Materials and technology for non-invasive ventilation

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Zusammenfassung

Die Vielfalt der Beatmungsgeräte und der Beatmungsmodi ist nahezu unüberschaubar geworden. Versuche zur Nomenklatur und Systematik blieben unvollständig. Die hauptsächlichen Beatmungsformen bleiben die Beatmung mit Volumen- oder Druckvorgabe, wobei die Druckvorgabe die Volumenvorgabe abgelöst hat, und sich beide in sog. Hybridmodi ergänzen. Selbstlernende, kontrollierte Beatmungsmodi erweitern das Feld von assistierter, assistiert-kontrollierter und kontrollierter Beatmung.

Die Auswahl des geeigneten Beatmungssystems und die optimale Einstellung erfordern ein grundlegendes Verständnis der jeweils vorliegenden Erkrankung. Je nach Erkrankung bedarf es unterschiedlicher Einstellungen von Beatmungsmodus und Beatmungsparametern. Die individuelle Einstellung der Druckaufbau- und -abbaugeschwindigkeit kann die Effizienz und Akzeptanz fördern. Die Auswahl des Zubehörs (Schlauch, Maske) inklusive einer optimalen Atemgasklimatisierung hat ebenfalls Einfluss auf die Beatmungsqualität.

Abstract

The variety of respirators and artificial respiration modes has almost become difficult to grasp, and attempts for a nomenclature remain incomplete. The principal modes are volume-targeted and pressure-limited ventilation. Pressure-limited ventilation has replaced volume-controlled ventilation, and both are complementary in so-called hybrid modes. Self-learning controlled ventilation modes extend the field of assisted, assisted-controlled, and controlled ventilation.

The choice of a suitable ventilator system and the optimum settings requires a basic understanding of the underlying disease, which determines the different settings and parameters. Individual settings for increases and decreases in pressure can promote efficiency and compliance. The choice of accessories (tube, mask), including optimum humidification, also influences the ventilation quality.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Fachkrankenhaus Kloster Grafschaft GmbH, Annostr. 1, 57392, Schmallenberg-Grafschaft, Deutschland

    K. Siemon, D. Dellweg, T. Barchfeld, M. Wenzel & D. Köhler

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  1. K. Siemon
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  2. D. Dellweg
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  3. T. Barchfeld
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  4. M. Wenzel
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  5. D. Köhler
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Correspondence to K. Siemon.

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Siemon, K., Dellweg, D., Barchfeld, T. et al. Materialien und Technik der nichtinvasiven Beatmung. Pneumologe 7, 81–88 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10405-009-0366-5

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