Zusammenfassung
Pulmonale Aspergillosen stellen eine besondere diagnostische und therapeutische Herausforderung dar. Akute invasive Aspergillosen (IPA) werden zunehmend bei pneumologischen Patienten beobachtet. In der Diagnostik hat sich neben dem Nachweis überwiegend nodulärer Infiltrate im hoch auflösenden CT und dem kulturellen Erregernachweis neuerdings der Antigennachweis aus der bronchoalveolären Lavage (BAL) bewährt. Ein hohes Verdachtsmoment ist erforderlich, um rechtzeitig eine effektive antimykotische Therapie einleiten zu können. Chronische pulmonale Aspergillosen (CPA) liegen vor, wenn die Krankheitsaktivität länger als drei Monate besteht. Nahezu alle Patienten mit CPA haben eine strukturelle Lungenvorerkrankung. In der Diagnostik spielt der Nachweis präzipitierender IgG-Antikörper eine größere Rolle. Auch bei der CPA steht die antimykotische Therapie mit prolongierter Therapiedauer im Vordergrund.
Abstract
Pulmonary aspergillosis remains a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Acute invasive aspergillosis (IPA) is increasingly seen in patients with respiratory diseases. Diagnosis is facilitated by the detection of mostly nodular infiltrates on high-resolution computed tomography and aspergillus galactomannan antigen testing of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. A high grade of suspicion is needed to institute effective antimycotic treatment in time. Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is defined as progressive disease over a period of more than 3 months. The vast majority of CPA patients have underlying structural lung disease. Aspergillus-specific serum precipitins are frequently found. Antimycotic therapy is the mainstay of treatment, with a prolonged treatment duration.
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Dalhoff, K., Drömann, D. Aspergillusinfektionen. Pneumologe 6, 306–311 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10405-008-0293-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10405-008-0293-x