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Mediastinaltumoren

Mediastinal tumors

Der Pneumologe volume 6, pages 151–160 (2009)Cite this article

Zusammenfassung

Mediastinaltumoren umfassen ein breites Spektrum unterschiedlicher Erkrankungen. Ihr klinisches Bild variiert in Abhängigkeit von ihrer Lokalisation, Größe und Morphologie. Das Spektrum reicht von asymptomatischen, zufällig entdeckten Raumforderungen über Tumoren, die durch Kompression oder Tumorinvasion Husten, Thoraxschmerzen, Dyspnoe und Lähmungserscheinungen verursachen bis hin zu Läsionen mit endokriner Aktivität, die Hypertonie, Flush oder andere klinische Syndrome auslösen.

Im vorderen Mediastinum treten am häufigsten Thymome, Teratome, endothorakale Strumen und Lymphome auf. Tumoren des mittleren Mediastinums werden dominiert von kongenitalen Zysten, einschließlich Vorderdarm- und Perikardzysten. Im hinteren Mediastinum finden sich bevorzugt neurogene Tumoren.

Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick zu den häufigsten Tumoren des Mediastinums, ihrer klinischen Präsentation, Diagnostik, therapeutischen Optionen sowie ihrer Prognose.

Abstract

Mediastinal tumors comprise a wide spectrum of different diseases. The clinical presentation varies from asymptomatic incidentally detected masses, to tumors causing (due to compression or invasion) coughing, thoracic pain, dyspnea, and the appearance of palsy, to lesions with hormone-producing activity that leads to hypertension, flushing, or other clinical syndromes.

Common tumors of the anterior mediastinum include thymoma, teratoma, goiter, and lymphoma. Tumors of the middle mediastinum are dominated by congenital cysts, including foregut and pericardial cysts. Tumors of the posterior mediastinum particularly include neurogenic tumors.

This article provides an overview of the most common mediastinal tumors, including their clinical presentation, diagnosis, and prognostic prospects.

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  1. Robert-Koch-Klinik, Klinikum St. Georg gGmbH, Nikolai-Rumjanzew-Str. 100, 04207, Leipzig, Deutschland

    S. Gütz

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  1. S. Gütz
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Gütz, S. Mediastinaltumoren. Pneumologe 6, 151–160 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10405-008-0282-0

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