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Lungenfunktion im Säuglings- und Kleinkindalter

Pulmonary function in babies and infants

  • Leitthema
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Der Pneumologe Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Wachstum und Entwicklung der Atemwege während der perinatalen Phase sind wegweisend für die respiratorische Morbidität des gesamten Lebens. Lungenfunktionsuntersuchungen können bereits zu solch frühen Zeitpunkten Aufschluss über die Funktion der Atemwege und damit neben der klinischen Beurteilung in unklaren Situationen zusätzliche Hinweise auf mögliche Erkrankungen geben. Die Basisuntersuchung stellt die Fluss-Volumen-Kurve während der Ruheatmung dar. Als weiteres Standardverfahren ist die Volumenmessung etabliert. Wenn hierbei die Gasverdünnungsmethode gewählt wird, können zusätzlich Aussagen über die Ventilationsinhomogenität der Lunge gewonnen werden. Messungen der NO-Konzentration in der Ausatemluft gewinnen zunehmend an Bedeutung, da sie wichtige Information über Atemwegsentzündungen liefern. In diesem Beitrag werden die gängigen Methoden der Lungenfunktionsmessung im Säuglingsalter dargestellt, ihre Anwendungsbereiche erläutert und aktuelle Entwicklungen und Ergebnisse präsentiert.

Abstract

The growth and development of the airways during the perinatal period have lifelong consequences for respiratory morbidity. In unclear situations, measurements of infant pulmonary function can, in addition to clinical judgment, provide useful information about possible disease mechanisms even at this early stage. The flow-volume loop is the most widely used test; another well standardised method is the measurement of pulmonary volume. When assessed by the gas dilution method, additional information on gas mixing and ventilation inhomogeneity can be obtained. Measurement of nitric oxide in exhaled air is becoming increasingly important, as airway inflammation can be determined easily and very reliably by this method. This review describes these and other commonly used methods for testing infant pulmonary function, discusses their use in practice, and provides information on current developments and the latest findings.

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Abbreviations

CF:

zystische Fibrose

CLD:

chronische Lungenerkrankung des Frühgeborenen

FOT:

„forced oscillation technique“

FRC:

funktionelle Residualkapazität

MBW:

„multiple-breath-washout“

MOT:

„multiple occlusion technique“

NO:

Stickstoffmonoxid

NREM:

„non-rapid-eye-movement“

RTC:

„rapid thoracic compression“

SOT:

„single occlusion technique“

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Danksagung

Die Autoren bedanken sich bei Prof. Dr. Urs Frey für die Unterstützung beim Erstellen des Artikels.

Interessenkonflikt

Es besteht kein Interessenkonflikt. Der korrespondierende Autor versichert, dass keine Verbindungen mit einer Firma, deren Produkt in dem Artikel genannt ist, oder einer Firma, die ein Konkurrenzprodukt vertreibt, bestehen. Die Präsentation des Themas ist unabhängig und die Darstellung der Inhalte produktneutral.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Abteilung für pädiatrische Pneumologie, Inselspital, Universitätskinderklinik Bern, 3010, Bern, Schweiz

    P. Latzin & G. Hafen

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  1. P. Latzin
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  2. G. Hafen
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Correspondence to P. Latzin.

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Latzin, P., Hafen, G. Lungenfunktion im Säuglings- und Kleinkindalter. Pneumologe 4, 233–240 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10405-007-0155-y

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