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Rehabilitation und Trainingstherapie als Baustein der COPD-Therapie

Rehabilitation and training therapy as a component of COPD therapy

  • Leitthema
  • Published:
Der Pneumologe Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Die pneumologische Rehabilitation von COPD-Patienten steht für einen komplexen, multidisziplinären Prozess, bei dem verschiedenste wissenschaftlich fundierte Therapieverfahren zur Anwendung kommen. Dadurch können die körperliche Leistungsfähigkeit gesteigert und die Lebensqualität verbessert werden. Dies fördert die soziale Reintegration und reduziert die krankheitsbezogenen Fähigkeitsstörungen und Einschränkungen in der aktiven Teilnahme am alltäglichen Leben. Zu den Behandlungsmodulen zählen neben der im Vordergrund stehenden körperlichen Rekonditionierung die Atemphysiotherapie, die Optimierung bereits initiierter Behandlungsmaßnahmen, Raucherentwöhnung, eine differenzierte Ernährungstherapie und Osteoprotektion sowie psychosoziale Unterstützung, Schulung und Motivation der Patienten mit dem Ziel, Kompetenz zum Selbstmanagement zu entwickeln. Die COPD führt im Verlauf zu einer stetigen Abnahme der kardiopulmonalen Leistungsfähigkeit, sodass der körperlichen Trainingstherapie eine herausragende Bedeutung zukommt. Dieser Beitrag ist v. a. diesem Behandlungsansatz gewidmet. Die anderen oben genannten Komponenten sind für eine qualitativ hochwertige Rehabilitation jedoch unverzichtbar, werden aber an anderer Stelle in diesem Heft dargestellt.

Abstract

Pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) involves the application of complex, multidisciplinary, scientifically based therapeutic methods to improve productivity and quality of life. This leads to better social integration, and reduces disease related disabilities and limitations in activities of daily life. Exercise training is the most important part of the rehabilitation process, with respiratory and physical therapy, evaluation and adjustment of medication playing important roles. Education in smoking cessation programs, nutritional support and osteoprotection can add substantial benefits to the therapeutic process. Essential goals of the treatment program are to provide psychological and social support as well as education, motivation to give the patient the necessary tools to handle exacerbation and develop competence in self management. COPD leads to a progressive reduction in cardiopulmonary function. This article is based on exercise training as the “gold standard” for rehabilitation in these patients. Other essential therapeutic options in the rehabilitation of COPD patients are discussed in other parts of this journal.

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Abbreviations

6MWD:

6 Minute Walking Distance

LTOT:

Long Term Oxygen Therapy

LTx:

Lung Transplantation

DLTx:

Double Lung Transplantation

LVR:

Lung Volume Reduction

NIV:

Non Invasive Ventilation

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  1. Abteilung Pneumologie, Klinikum Berchtesgadener Land, Schönau a. Königssee

    K. Kenn

  2. Abteilung Pneumologie, Klinikum Berchtesgadener Land, Malterhöh 1, 83471, Schönau a. Königssee

    K. Kenn

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Kenn, K. Rehabilitation und Trainingstherapie als Baustein der COPD-Therapie. Pneumologe 3, 110–118 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10405-005-0081-9

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