Abstract
CNT nanofluid is getting attention in heat transfer applications due to its high thermal conductivity in comparison with conventional fluids. Effective dispersion of CNT in a polar base fluid is a challenging task because CNT is hydrophobic. Researchers used surfactants to overcome this problem but the addition of surfactants has some disadvantages like foaming, stickiness and an increase in viscosity, which increases pumping power required to pump the nanofluid. Alternate methods to prepare efficient nanofluid have to be found. This led to the synthesis of hybrid nanofluid. In this paper, Cu–CNT hybrid nanoparticles have been synthesized by in situ synthesis of Cu nanoparticles in the presence of CNT nanoparticles and dispersed in double-distilled water without surfactant to get stable nanofluid. FESEM with EDX and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize surface morphology of Cu–CNT hybrid nanoparticles and it was found that copper nanoparticles were present on the outer surface of MWCNT. The dispersibility of Cu–CNT hybrid nanofluid was investigated by spectral analysis method, Zeta potential and DLS. The results revealed that samples were highly stable and the maximum stability was found to be more than 170 days. Nanofluid showed a negligible increase in density and viscosity and showed an enhancement in thermal conductivity compared to base fluid which is essential for heat transfer applications.
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Acknowledgements
This study is financially supported under FRGS by GGSIP University, New Delhi, India. The authors are thankful to Dr. Surinder Singh faculty of Dr. SSBUICET, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India, for thermal conductivity measurement.
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Gupta, N., Gupta, S.M. & Sharma, S.K. Synthesis, characterization and dispersion stability of water-based Cu–CNT hybrid nanofluid without surfactant. Microfluid Nanofluid 25, 14 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10404-021-02421-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10404-021-02421-2