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Sonographic classification of testicular tumors by tissue harmonic imaging: experience of 58 cases

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Abstract

Purpose

To evaluate the relationship between our proposed sonographic classification of testicular tumors by tissue harmonic imaging and histological type.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 58 testicular tumors and tumor-like lesions [seminomatous germ cell tumor (SGCT): 28; non-seminomatous germ cell tumor (NSGCT): 16; lymphoid and hematopoietic tumor (LHT): 7; Leydig cell tumor: 1; epidermal cyst: 2; and tumor of paratesticular structure (TPS): 4]. We divided a sonographic image into six types for morphological criteria and three types for color Doppler criteria. We examined the relationship between the sonographic classification and histological type.

Results

For morphological criteria, there were 21 cases of Type I (36%), 15 Type II (26%), 9 Type III (15%), five Type IV (9%), five Type V (9%), and three Type VI (5%). For color Doppler criteria, there were 47 cases classified as hypervascular (81%), eight as hypovascular (14%), and three as avascular (5%). Most of the SGCTs were divided into types I and II; the NSGCTs into types III, IV, and V; the LHTs into only type II; and the TPSs into type VI.

Conclusion

We established a sonographic classification of testicular tumors with various histological types. This sonographic classification is potentially useful for estimating the histological type of testicular tumors.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are indebted to Dr. Edward Barroga (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8920-2607), Associate Professor and Senior Editor from the Department of International Medical Communications of Tokyo Medical University for the editorial review of the English manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Ultrasound and Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan

    Atsuo Kawamoto

  2. Department of Urology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan

    Tadashi Hatano

  3. Department of Radiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan

    Kazuhiro Saito

  4. Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan

    Rie Inoue & Toshitaka Nagao

  5. Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan

    Shigeru Sanada

Authors
  1. Atsuo Kawamoto
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  2. Tadashi Hatano
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  3. Kazuhiro Saito
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  4. Rie Inoue
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  5. Toshitaka Nagao
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  6. Shigeru Sanada
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Atsuo Kawamoto.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest associated with this article.

Ethical considerations

All procedures followed were in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of 1964 and later versions. The institutional review board of our university hospital approved this retrospective study and informed consent was waived.

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Kawamoto, A., Hatano, T., Saito, K. et al. Sonographic classification of testicular tumors by tissue harmonic imaging: experience of 58 cases. J Med Ultrasonics 45, 103–111 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10396-017-0783-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10396-017-0783-8

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