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Potentially Pathogenic Bacteria in Nesting Olive Ridley Turtles in Northwestern Mexico

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Abstract

Olive ridleys (Lepidochelys olivacea) are the most common sea turtle found in the Gulf of California. Unfortunately, the bacterial flora of nesting olive ridley turtles is still unknown. We conducted a study to identify, characterize, serotype, and determine the antibiotic resistance of potentially pathogenic bacteria isolated from olive ridley turtles nesting in northwestern Mexico. Bacteria were isolated and identified from the oral cavity and cloaca of 47 postnesting turtles. Escherichia coli and Vibrio parahaemolyticus were characterized, and antibiotic resistance testing was performed. One hundred bacteria belonging to 21 species were isolated, 53 from the oral cavity and 47 from the cloaca, the most prevalent being Pseudomonas aeruginosa, followed by Aeromonas hydrophila, Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and E. coli, among others. Moreover, two to three different bacterial species were found co-colonizing both anatomical sites in some turtles. E. coli phylogroups B1, A, F, and unknown were identified as diarrheagenic E. coli (enteroaggregative and enteropathogenic E. coli). O1, O4, K8, K12, OUT, and KUT of V. parahaemolyticus serogroups were identified, also comprising pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains. Finally, 100% of the bacterial species tested were antibiotic resistant, and both MDR and XDR strains were found. In conclusion, olive ridley turtles are colonized by a diversity of bacterial species with a high rate of antibiotic resistance, some with pathogenic potential to turtles, representing a health risk factor for the species.

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Most data collected in this study are presented in the current manuscript. Raw data are also available upon request.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the staff of the Sea Turtle Program (at the Ceuta beach sanctuary) of the Biology Faculty of the Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa for their logistical support in the sampling.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Programa Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico

    Valdés-Flores Jorge, Sosa-Cornejo Ingmar & Olimón-Andalón Vicente

  2. School of Medicine, CIASaP, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, 80246, Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico

    Angulo-Zamudio Uriel, León-Sicairos Nidia, Flores-Villaseñor Hector, Velázquez-Román Jorge & Canizalez-Román Adrian

  3. Pediatric Hospital of Sinaloa, 80200, Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico

    León-Sicairos Nidia

  4. The Sinaloa State Public Health Laboratory, Secretariat of Health, 80020, Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico

    Flores-Villaseñor Hector

  5. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CIIDIR-SINALOA, Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico

    Ley-Quiñonez C. Paul & Zavala-Norzagaray Alan

  6. Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, Warner College of Natural Resources, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA

    Aguirre A. Alonso

  7. The Women’s Hospital, Secretariat of Health, 80127, Culiacan, Mexico

    Canizalez-Román Adrian

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  1. Valdés-Flores Jorge
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Jorge, VF., Uriel, AZ., Nidia, LS. et al. Potentially Pathogenic Bacteria in Nesting Olive Ridley Turtles in Northwestern Mexico. EcoHealth 20, 390–401 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-023-01662-7

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