Abstract
Zoonotic emerging diseases (ZEDs) are increasing and may deeply impact human wellbeing, but our recent survey of public opinion in six European countries (n = 2415 participants) suggests a low concern among Europeans about the risk associated with ZEDs. This contrasts with Europeans’ high awareness of climate change risks, which was confirmed by our survey. Given the increasing risk of ZEDs, it is therefore essential to increase Europeans’ awareness of their impacts. In addition, our study suggests that Europeans may be more likely to support sustainable environmental policies that would reduce the risk associated with ZEDs, consequently improving the human wellbeing.
Data Availability
Data are available on reasoned request from the authors.
References
Baker RE, Mahmud AS, Miller IF, Rajeev M, Rasambainarivo F, Rice BL, Takahashi S, Tatem AJ, Wagner CE, Wang FF, Weselowski A, Metcalf CJE (2021) Infectious diseases in an era of global change. Nature Reviews Microbiology 20:193–205
Brug J, Aro AR, Richardus JH (2009) Risk perceptions and behavior: towards pandemic control of Emerging Infectious Diseases. International Journal of Behavioural Medicine 16:3–6
Capstick S, Whitmarsh L, Poortinga W, Pidgeon N, Upham P (2014) International trends in public perceptions of climate change over the past quarter century. Climate Change 6:35–61
Carlson CJ, Albery GF, Merow C, Trisos CH, Zipfel CM et al (2022) Climate change increases cross-species viral transmission risk. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04788-w
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2021) Ebola virus disease distribution map: cases of Ebola virus disease in Africa since 1976. Available: https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/history/distribution-map.html [accessed June 1, 2022].
Cipolla M, Bonizzi L, Zeconni A (2015) From “One health” to “One communication”: the contribution of communication in veterinary medicine to public health. Veterinary Sciences 2:135–149
Craddock S, Hinchliffe S (2015) One world, one health? Social science engagement with the one health approach. Social Science and Medicine 129:1–4
Dobson AP, Pimm SL, Hannah L, Kaufman L, Ahumada JA, Ando AW, Bernstein A, Busch J, Daszak P, Engelmann J, Kinnaird MF, Li BV, Loch-Temzelides T, Lovejoy T, Nowak K, Roehrdanz PR, Vale, M.M. (2020) Ecology and economics for pandemic prevention. Science 369:379–381
European Union (2021) Special Eurobarometer report 517: Future of Europe. Available: https://www.europa.eu/eurobarometer [accessed June 1, 2022].
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (2023) COVID-19 Vaccine tracker. Available: https://vaccinetracker.ecdc.europa.eu/public/extensions/COVID-19/vaccine-tracker.html#uptake-tab [accessed April 13, 2023].
FAO, UNEP, WHO, & WOAH (2022) Global Plan of Action on One Health. Towards a more comprehensive One Health, approach to global health threats at the human-animal-environment interface. Rome. Available: https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/40843/one_health.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y [accessed April 13, 2023].
Field H, Young P, Yob JM, Mills J, Hall L, Mackenzie J (2001) The natural history of Hendra and Nipah viruses. Microbes and Infection 3:307–314
Gibb R, Redding DW, Qing Chin K, Donelly CA, Blackburn TM et al (2020) Zoonotic host diversity increases in human-dominated ecosystems. Nature 584:398–402
Gibbons DW, Sandbrook C, Sutherland WJ, Akter R, Bradbury R et al (2022) The relative importance of COVID-19 pandemic impacts on biodiversity conservation globally. Conservation Biology 36:e13781
Gutiérrez D, Hernández J, Díaz-Armas J (2022) An extended theory of planned behavior model to predict intention to use bioplastic. Journal of Social Marketing 12:5–28
Jones KE, Patel NG, Levy MA, Storeygard A, Black D et al (2008) Global trends in emerging infectious diseases. Nature 451:990–993
Jones BA, Grace D, Kock R, Alonso S, Rushton J et al (2013) Zoonosis emergence linked to agricultural intensification and environmental change. PNAS 110:8399–8404
Kock R, Caceres-Escobar H (2022) Situation analysis on the roles and risks of wildlife in the emergence of human infectious diseases. Gland: IUCN
Mallapaty S (2023) COVID-origins study links racoon dogs to Wuhan market: what scientists think. Nature 615:771–772
Martínez-Jauregui M, Delibes-Mateos M, Arroyo B, Soliño M (2020) Addressing social attitudes towards lethal control of wildlife in National Parks. Conservation Biology 34:869–878
Martínez-Jauregui M, Delibes-Mateos M, Arroyo B, Glikman JA, Soliño M (2023) Beyond rural vs urban differences: a close match in European preferences in some basic wildlife management and conservation principles. Journal of Environmental Management 331:117236
Maxmen A (2022) Wuhan market was epicentre of pandemic’s start, studies suggest. Nature 603:15–16
Petrovan S, Aldridge DC, Bartlett H, Bladon A, Booth H et al (2021) Post COVID-19: A solution scan of options for preventing future zoonotic epidemics. Biological Reviews 96:2694–2715
Quantin C, Tubert-Bitter P (2022) COVID-19 and social inequalities: a complex and dynamic interaction. The Lancet Public Health 7:E204–E205
Ripple WJ, DellaSala DA, Baumann F, Gregg J, Betts MG et al (2022) Zoonotic diseases and our troubled relationship with nature. American Journal of Health Promotion 36:382–385
Rohr JR, Barret CB, Civitello DJ, Craft ME, Delius B et al (2019) Emerging human infectious diseases and the links to global food production. Nature Sustainability 2:445–456
Scheaffer, R.L., Mendenhall, W. & Ott, L. (1996) Elementary survey sampling (5th ed.), Belmont: Duxbury Press.
Sullivan, L.E., Johnson, R.B., Mercado, C.C. & Terry, K.J. (Eds.) (2009) The Sage glossary of the social and behavioral sciences. Sage Publications, Inc.
Tanentzap AJ, Lamb A, Walker S, Farmer A (2015) Resolving conflicts between agriculture and the natural environment. PLOS Biology 13:e1002242
Venghaus S, Henseleit M, Belka M (2022) The impact of climate change awareness on behavioral changes in Germany: changing minds or changing behaviors. Energy, Sustainability and Society 12:8
World Bank Group (2021) Global economic prospects: January 2021. Washington DC: World Bank
World Health Organization (2005) WHO Outbreak communication guidelines. Available: https://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/WHO_CDS_2005_28en.pdf [accessed June 10, 2022].
World Health Organization (2021) COVID-19 weekely epidemiological update. Edition 67, published 23 November 2021. Available: https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/weekly-epidemiological-update-on-covid-19---23-november-2021 [accessed April 17, 2023].
World Organisation for Animal Health (2023) Statement on avian influenza and mammals. Available: https://www.woah.org/en/statement-on-avian-influenza-and-mammals/ [accessed April 12, 2023].
Acknowledgements
Dr. F. Dalerum, C. Sanström and Lisa Lehnen kindly helped to review the translations of the questionnaire. R. Villafuerte-Jordán kindly helped with the design of some images used in the questionnaire. The comments of two anonymous reviewers greatly improved the paper. This study was funded by Project RTI2018-096348-R-C21/C22 (MCI/AEI/FEDER, UE).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Ethical Approval
All procedures were performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the CSIC ethics committee (certificate 020/2021), and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Delibes-Mateos, M., Glikman, J.A., Arroyo, B. et al. Low Level of Concern Among European Society About Zoonotic Diseases. EcoHealth 20, 138–143 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-023-01649-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-023-01649-4