Abstract
Exposure to parasites in conservation translocations increases the risks to recipient and translocated populations from disease, and therefore there has been interest in implementing biosecurity methods. Using four case examples we described how biosecurity was applied in practical translocation scenarios prior to and during a translocation and also post-release. We implemented biosecurity, including quarantine barriers, at specific points in the translocation pathway where hazards, identified by the disease risk analysis, had the potential to induce disease. Evidence that biosecurity protected translocated and recipient populations, included an absence of mortality associated with high-risk non-native parasites, a reduction in mortality associated with endemic parasites, the absence of high-risk pathogenic parasites, or associated diseases, at the destination; and the apparent absence of diseases in closely related species at the destination site. The biosecurity protocols did not alter the level or duration of translocated species confinement and therefore probably did not act as a stressor. There is a monetary cost involved in biosecurity but the epidemiological evidence suggests that conservation translocation managers should carefully consider its use. Breakdowns in quarantine have occurred in human hospitals despite considerable investment and training for health professionals, and we therefore judge that there is a need for training in the objectives and maintenance of quarantine barriers in conservation translocations. Biosecurity protocols for conservation translocations should be continually updated in response to findings from disease risk analysis and post-release disease surveillance and we recommend further studies to evaluate their effectiveness.
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Acknowledgements
We would like to thank John Baker, Katie Beckmann, Mark Brown, Ian Carter, Jon Curson, Andy Evans, Glen Fairweather, Yedra Feltrer, Jim Foster, Nikki Gammans, Jo Gregson, David Heaver, Tim Hopkins, Cath Jeffs, Carl Laven, Leigh Lock, Iain McGill, Gavin Measures, Fieke Molenaar, Rebecca Perry, Zoe Ringwood, Ghislaine Sayers and Leon Woodrow for assistance in the implementation of biosecurity in these case studies. Financial support from Natural England, Zoological Society of London, RSPB & Peoples Trust for Endangered Species. Our other partners including Paignton Zoo & Environmental Park, Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust, National Trust & Pensthorpe Conservation Trust, Dr Mark Brown for his parasitic knowledge & collaboration throughout the SHB project; Mike Brown & Dr Giles Budge, FERA.
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Vaughan-Higgins, R.J., Masters, N. & Sainsbury, A.W. Biosecurity for Translocations: Cirl Bunting (Emberiza cirlus), Fisher’s Estuarine Moth (Gortyna borelii lunata), Short-Haired Bumblebee (Bombus subterraneus) and Pool Frog (Pelophylax lessonae) Translocations as Case Studies. EcoHealth 14 (Suppl 1), 84–91 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-016-1150-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-016-1150-8