Abstract
Aim
Continued usage of tobacco and alcohol can aggravate the risk of cardiovascular complications in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN). We analyzed the individual and combined consumption patterns of alcohol, tobacco smoking, and smokeless tobacco (SLT) use and their predictors among patients with HTN, DM, and HTN–DM comorbidity.
Subject and methods
This study used data from the LASI Wave-1 (2017–2018) dataset with 73,396 participants. Binary logistic regression was used to determine associations while controlling for other factors.
Results
The sample included 8855 patients with DM and 20,319 patients with HTN. The weighted prevalence of tobacco smoking, SLT use, and dual user was 8.08%, 16.26%, and 1.48% respectively in patients with DM, 8.35%, 16.45%, and 0.95% respectively in patients with HTN, and 5.81%, 10.25%, and 0.85% respectively in patients with DM–HTN comorbidity. Among DM patients, males were major users of smoking tobacco (95.7%), SLT (64.31%), dual use (99.75%), and consuming alcohol (91.88%). Females with hypertension comprised a majority of SLT users (54.20%). On adjusted analysis, females, education levels of college and above, and increasing BMI were inversely associated with tobacco smoking. Those aged 50 and above, Hindu by religion, scheduled caste and tribes, and rural residents were more significantly associated with alcohol–tobacco use than their counterparts.
Conclusion
A high prevalence of tobacco and alcohol use exists in the older population in India, including those with DM or HTN morbidities. This accentuates their risk of further disease progression. Training and sensitization of medical practitioners towards regular assessment, and actively supporting tobacco and alcohol cessation, especially in those having chronic disease morbidity, are urgently warranted.
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Data availability
LASI dataset is freely available to download upon approval from IIPS (https://www.iipsindia.ac.in/lasi).
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank the IIPS for providing the LASI Wave-1 dataset.
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This research received no specific grant from any funding agency, commercial entity, or not-for-profit organization.
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All authors had access to the original dataset. The contributions are:
Conceptualization: SB.
Formal analysis: VM, MM.
Visualization: SB, SK.
Writing (review and editing): all authors.
Writing (original draft): SB, VM, SS, SK.
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The LASI was approved by the Human Ethics Committee of the Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi and the International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS), Mumbai. Written informed consent was obtained from all study respondents. Since our work utilized a publicly available dataset, separate ethical approval was not required. Appropriate permissions were obtained from IIPS for utilizing the dataset for analysis.
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Basu, S., Maheshwari, V., Malik, M. et al. Patterns and predictors of tobacco and alcohol use among older and elderly patients with diabetes and hypertension: findings from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India. J Public Health (Berl.) (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-024-02200-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-024-02200-7