Abstract
Background
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a major barrier to sustainable human development and is associated with various modifiable risk factors. The aim of this study was to estimate the IHD burden attributable to 18 risk factors in Nanjing adults from eastern China between 2011 to 2017.
Methods
Data were collected from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. We conducted a comparative risk assessment analysis to estimate the IHD mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to one environmental, three behavioral, four metabolic, and 11 dietary risk factors in 2011 and 2017. The average exposure distributions were obtained from a systematic search of multiple databases. The means and 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) were calculated and reported for IHD deaths, DALYs, and attributable to risk from 2011 and 2017.
Results
The total IHD deaths in all ages increased between 2011 and 2017 in Nanjing, from 1747 (95%UI 1123–2371) to 2432 (95%UI 1839–3025) in men and 1866 (95%UI 1282–2450) to 2267 (95%UI 1702–2832) in women. IHD deaths accounted for 11.5% of all deaths in 2017, ranking only next to stroke (21.9%). Conversely, the age-standardized death rate of IHD decreased from 95.35 (95% UI 91.29–99.41) to 75.94 (95%UI 72.59–79.30) per 100,000 persons in men and from 79.85 (95%UI 76.11–83.59) to 56.10 (95%UI 53.26–58.94) per 100,000 persons in women. The four leading IHD risk factors for both mortality and DALY rates in 2017 were high systolic BP, high LDL-C, diet high in sodium, and diet low in fruits.
Conclusions
Population growth and aging led to a steady increase in IHD burden from 2011 to 2017. Dietary, behavioral, metabolic, and environmental risk factors account for most of the IHD burden, highlighting many opportunities for prevention.
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Data availability
No additional data are available.
Code availability
No additional code availability is available.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to all the dedicated fieldworkers who participated in the surveys and all participants who facilitated the implementation at each community.
Funding
This work was supported by the Nanjing Medical Science and Technique Development Foundation, China (ZKX21054, ZKX18049).
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XH, GM, LZ, and WW contributed to the study design and data analysis; GM, XH, and WW contributed to data collection; GM, LZ, WW, and WL contributed to manuscript writing.
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The study was approved by the academic and ethical committee of Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention (approval number: PJ2016-B001-01). Written informed consent was obtained from each participant prior to the survey.
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Ma, G., Zhu, L., Wang, W. et al. Burden of ischaemic heart disease and attributable risk factors among Nanjing adults in China from 2011 to 2017. J Public Health (Berl.) (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-024-02194-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-024-02194-2