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Assessment of different detection methods of chronic kidney disease and their importance for an early diagnosis

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Abstract

Aim

The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been increasing worldwide. In practice, the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) can be assessed by the dosage of creatinine serum, its clearance through the kidneys and estimation formulae. However, there is no existing consensus about the best method of assessment; therefore, the aim of the present study is to assess the different methods of detecting CKD.

Subjects and methods

A total of 293 hypertensive patients participated in the research. Creatinine serum and clearance were assessed to analyze kidney function. The GFR was estimated using the following formulae: Cockcroft and Gault (CG); CG-corrected; Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD)-6; MDRD-4 and The Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration Equation (CKD-EPI). The following tests were used: weighted Kappa coefficient; Pearson’s correlation (r) and Bland-Altman graph analysis.

Results

The greatest agreement found using the weighted Kappa was for the CKD-EPI formula (k = 0.362). The greatest correlation was found for the CKD-EPI formula (r = 0.612). The CKD-EPI formula exhibited the lowest number of individuals below the lowest limit of agreement in the Bland-Altman analysis.

Conclusions

The CKD-EPI formula should be used to estimate the GFR, given that it exhibited the greatest correlation and agreement with creatinine clearance; thus, it is possible to implement low-cost activities focusing on early detection and diagnosis, as well as the prevention of CKD.

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Acknowledgements

This project received support from the Foundation for Research Support of the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil—FAPEMIG, process No. CDS-APQ-03594-12 and CAPES - Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education, an entity of the Brazilian Government for the formation of Human Resources (AUX-PE-PRO-HEALTH-EDUCATION 2034/2010 - process No. 23038.009788/2010-78).

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nutritional Science, Federal University of Viçosa, Peter Henry Rolfs, Avenue, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Luciana Saraiva da Silva

  2. Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Peter Henry Rolfs, Avenue, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Rosângela Minardi Mitre Cotta & Carla de Oliveira Barbosa Rosa

  3. Department of Nursing and Medicine, Federal University of Viçosa, Peter Henry Rolfs, Avenue, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Tiago Ricardo Moreira

  4. Department of Nephrology, São João Batista Hospital, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Rodrigo Gomes da Silva

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  1. Luciana Saraiva da Silva
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  2. Rosângela Minardi Mitre Cotta
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  3. Tiago Ricardo Moreira
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Correspondence to Luciana Saraiva da Silva.

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da Silva, L.S., Cotta, R.M.M., Moreira, T.R. et al. Assessment of different detection methods of chronic kidney disease and their importance for an early diagnosis. J Public Health 23, 223–229 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-015-0674-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-015-0674-7

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