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Prevalence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enteric serotype typhi and paratyphi A of human cases from the Tiruchirappalli district, India, and their associated virulent markers

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Abstract

Aim

The study sought to determine the multidrug resistance (MDR) of Salmonella enterica typhi and paratyphi A isolates in correlation with the presence of virulent markers detected by a PCR-based approach.

Methods

Blood and stool samples were collected from suspected cases and further confirmation was done serologically and bacteriologically. The isolated strains were clustered using RAPD analysis. The multidrug resistance pattern of the isolates was checked against a panel of antibiotics and screened for the presence of biochemical and molecular virulent markers including fimA and stn by PCR methods.

Results

In total 368 suspected cases were identified. The geographical distribution showed 84 cases from the north zone (Lalgudi), 110 from the south zone (Palakarai), 91 from the east zone (Mattur and Tiruverambur) and 83 from the west zone (Petavaithalai). Among the 368 suspected cases, 349 (94.8%) and 177 (48.13%) cases were confirmed as typhoid fever serologically and bacteriologically, respectively. The clinical sample culturing yielded 144 isolates, of which 117 were S. typhi and 27 were S. paratyphi A. Both S. typhi and S. paratyphi A showed an absolute resistance pattern (100%) against chloramphenicol, erythromycin and tetracycline with next higher incidence of resistance against nalidixic acid and streptomycin. Irrespective of the presence of biochemical markers, all MDR strains showed the presence of fimA and stn.

Conclusion

No resistance pattern was observed for ceftriaxone, cephotaxime and co-trimoxazole. Thus, in this regard, the above-mentioned antibiotics can be used for the effective treatment of typhoid fever in this study locality. Molecular fingerprinting led to the hypothesis of diverse routes of Salmonella transmission and a putative high virulence potential for the isolates characterized.

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Acknowledgement

KNS and KVG are thankful to the University Grand Commission, New Delhi, India, for providing funds to carry out this research. TS is thankful to the University Grand Commission for the Rajiv Gandhi Fellowship.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, 620 024, India

    T. Sathiamoorthi, K. Vedhagiri & K. Natarajaseenivasan

  2. Department of Microbiology, K.A.P. Viswanathan Government Medical College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India

    S. Dhanapaul

Authors
  1. T. Sathiamoorthi
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  2. S. Dhanapaul
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  3. K. Vedhagiri
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  4. K. Natarajaseenivasan
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Correspondence to K. Natarajaseenivasan.

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Sathiamoorthi, T., Dhanapaul, S., Vedhagiri, K. et al. Prevalence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enteric serotype typhi and paratyphi A of human cases from the Tiruchirappalli district, India, and their associated virulent markers. J Public Health 19, 517–525 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-011-0414-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-011-0414-6

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