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Clinical presentations of acquired comitant esotropia in 5–35 years old Japanese and digital device usage: a multicenter registry data analysis study

  • Clinical Investigation
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Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

To describe clinical presentations of acquired comitant esotropia and digital device use in children, adolescents, and young adults without neurological problems.

Study design

Multicenter prospective observational study.

Methods

Patients with acquired comitant esotropia, without intracranial diseases aged 5–35 years at the time of visit, who were seen at pre-registered facilities within 1 year of onset were enrolled. The duration from the onset of symptoms and the time of digital device usage approximately 1 month before onset and their lifestyles were surveyed. Visual acuity, cycloplegic refraction, and strabismus angles were measured. Data were analyzed in three age groups (Child: 5–12 years, Adolescent: 13–18 years, and Young adult: 19–35 years).

Results

Between November 2019 and December 2021, 218 patients were enrolled from 55 facilities, and 194 patients (including 62 children, 69 adolescents, and 63 young adults) were analyzed. The child group spent the least amount of time using digital devices (children: 159; adolescents: 210; young adults: 267 min/work day, p < 0.05; (mean time in the same order below) 229, 338, 314 min/holiday, p < 0.05) and had the largest strabismus angle (mean strabismus angle at near: 30, 22, 18 PD, p < 0.01; at far: 28, 26, 21 PD, p<0.05).

Conclusion

The clinical features of acquired comitant esotropia and hand-held digital device usage differed between children aged ≤ 12 years and older patients. This report gives the current clinical characteristics of young patients with acquired esotropia and digital device usage.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI (grant JP20K0978), a grant from the National Center for Child Health and Development (30-2330-23 and 2021B-6), and a grant for the multicenter study from the Japanese Association for Strabismus and Amblyopia. We would like to thank Editage (www.editage.com) for English language editing.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ophthalmology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handa-yama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Japan

    Hirohito Iimori, Akiko Hikoya, Miwa Komori, Hiroko Suzuki, Tamami Shimizu & Miho Sato

  2. Department of Ophthalmology, Ehime University, Toon, Japan

    Hirohito Iimori

  3. Division of Ophthalmology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan

    Sachiko Nishina, Tomoyo Yoshida, Shion Hayashi & Noriyuki Azuma

  4. Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan

    Osamu Hieda

  5. Department of Ophthalmology, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan

    Toshiaki Goseki

  6. Department of Ophthalmology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan

    Noriko Nishikawa

  7. Department of Public Health, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan

    Sadao Suzuki

  8. Department of Ophthalmology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan

    Shion Hayashi

  9. Department of Ophthalmology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan

    Takafumi Mori

  10. Department of Ophthalmology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Japan

    Akiko Kimura

  11. Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan

    Takeshi Morimoto

  12. Department of Ophthalmology, Saneikai Tsukazaki Hospital, Himeji, Japan

    Yukiko Shimizu

  13. Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Fuculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

    Takashi Negishi

  14. Department of Ophthalmology, Saga University, Saga, Japan

    Tamami Shimizu

  15. Department of Ophthalmology, Japan Community Healthcare Organization Chukyo Hospital, Nagoya, Japan

    Yoshimi Yokoyama

  16. Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan

    Yoshiko Sugiyama

  17. Department of Ophthalmology, Kanagawa Dental University Yokohama Clinic, Yokohama, Japan

    Toshiaki Goseki

  18. Department of Ophthalmology, International University of Health and Welfare, Atami Hospital, Atami, Japan

    Toshiaki Goseki

  19. Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan

    Noriyuki Azuma

Authors
  1. Hirohito Iimori
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  2. Sachiko Nishina
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  3. Osamu Hieda
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  5. Noriko Nishikawa
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  6. Sadao Suzuki
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  7. Akiko Hikoya
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  8. Miwa Komori
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  9. Hiroko Suzuki
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  10. Tomoyo Yoshida
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  11. Shion Hayashi
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  12. Takafumi Mori
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  13. Akiko Kimura
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  14. Takeshi Morimoto
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  15. Yukiko Shimizu
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  16. Takashi Negishi
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  17. Tamami Shimizu
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  18. Yoshimi Yokoyama
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  19. Yoshiko Sugiyama
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  20. Noriyuki Azuma
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  21. Miho Sato
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Miho Sato.

Ethics declarations

Conflicts of interest

H. Iimori, None; S. Nishina, None; O. Hieda, None; T. Goseki, None; N. Nishikawa, None; S. Suzuki, None; A. Hikoya, None; M. Komori, None; H. Suzuki, None; T. Yoshida, None; S. Hayashi, None; T. Mori, None; A. Kimura, None; T. Morimoto, None; Y. Shimizu, None; T. Negishi, None; T. Shimizu, None; Y. Yokoyama, None; Y. Sugiyama, None; N. Azuma, None; M. Sato, None.

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Corresponding Author: Miho Sato

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Iimori, H., Nishina, S., Hieda, O. et al. Clinical presentations of acquired comitant esotropia in 5–35 years old Japanese and digital device usage: a multicenter registry data analysis study. Jpn J Ophthalmol 67, 629–636 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10384-023-01023-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10384-023-01023-5

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