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Relationship between reading performance and saccadic disconjugacy in patients with convergence insufficiency type intermittent exotropia

  • Clinical Investigation
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Abstract

Purpose

To determine the relationship between re-reading the same line and saccadic disconjugacy in patients with convergence insufficiency-type intermittent exotropia [CI-type X(T)].

Methods

Eight patients with CI-type X(T) and ten healthy orthophoric individuals were studied. Video-oculography was used to assess the eye movements during the reading of a Japanese novel displayed on a 23-in. liquid crystal monitor placed 60 cm from the eyes. The sentences were displayed horizontally and read from left to right. The number of unintentional re-readings of the same line was counted, and the disconjugacy at the median of the saccade between the end of a line and the next line was determined.

Results

The number of re-readings of the same line in patients with CI-type X(T) was 4.9 ± 2.3 times which was significantly higher than that in the controls at 0.2 ± 0.4 times (P < 0.001). The saccadic disconjugacy was significantly larger in patients with CI-type X(T) at −1.70° ± 0.72° than that in the controls at −0.40°± 0.30° (P < 0.001). The number of re-readings of the same line was significantly and positively correlated with the saccadic disconjugacy (R = 0.84, R 2 = 0.71, P < 0.01).

Conclusions

The results of our study indicate that saccadic disconjugacy is associated with re-reading the same line in patients with CI-type X(T).

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the Translational Research Network Program from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan, B03, Development of STS retinal prosthesis for walking, Takashi Fujikado; Asian CORE Program, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Advanced Nano Photonics Research and Education Center in Asia, Satoshi Kawata; JSPS Core-to-Core Program, A, Advanced Research Networks, Minoru Asada; KAKENHI (25293354), The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology Japan (MEXT) Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Takashi Fujikado.

Conflicts of interest

M. Hirota, None; H. Kanda, None; T. Endo, None; T. K. Lohmann, None; T. Miyoshi, None; T. Morimoto, None; T. Fujikado, None.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Applied Visual Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan

    Masakazu Hirota, Hiroyuki Kanda, Tibor Karl Lohmann, Takeshi Morimoto & Takashi Fujikado

  2. Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita-shi, Osaka, Japan

    Takao Endo

  3. Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Aachen RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany

    Tibor Karl Lohmann

  4. Department of Integrative Physiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita-shi, Osaka, Japan

    Tomomitsu Miyoshi

Authors
  1. Masakazu Hirota
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  2. Hiroyuki Kanda
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  3. Takao Endo
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  4. Tibor Karl Lohmann
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  5. Tomomitsu Miyoshi
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  6. Takeshi Morimoto
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  7. Takashi Fujikado
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Takashi Fujikado.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

10384_2016_444_MOESM1_ESM.mpg

Online Resource 1. An example of eye movement recording while reading in a normal subject. Normal subjects can move their eyes in small saccades while reading the same line and in a large saccade from the end of the line to the beginning of the next line. The filled red circle indicates the point at which the fixating point of both eyes is averaged. The size of the red circle represents the retention time. CI-type X(T): convergence insufficiency type intermittent exotropia (MPG 5064 kb)

10384_2016_444_MOESM2_ESM.mpg

Online Resource 2. An example of eye movement recording while reading in patients with CI-type X(T). When a patient with CI-type X(T) moves his/her eyes from one line to the next line, they occasionally return their eyes to the beginning of the same line after a saccade. Then, they make a saccade again to the end of the same line because the sentence does not make sense. CI-type X(T): convergence insufficiency type intermittent exotropia (MPG 4806 kb)

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Hirota, M., Kanda, H., Endo, T. et al. Relationship between reading performance and saccadic disconjugacy in patients with convergence insufficiency type intermittent exotropia. Jpn J Ophthalmol 60, 326–332 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10384-016-0444-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10384-016-0444-2

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