Skip to main content
Log in

Efficacy and safety of silexan, a new, orally administered lavender oil preparation, in subthreshold anxiety disorder – evidence from clinical trials

Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit von Silexan, einer neuen, oral verabreichten Zubereitung aus Lavendelöl, bei subsyndromaler Angststörung – Evidenz aus klinischen Prüfungen

  • Themenschwerpunkt
  • Published:
Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Diese Übersichtsarbeit untersucht die Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit von Silexan, einer neuartigen Zubereitung aus Lavendelöl zur oralen Anwendung, bei der Behandlung von Angsterkrankungen und verwandten Krankheitsbildern unter besonderer Berücksichtigung unterschwelliger Angststörungen. Es wurden 3 randomisierte Doppelblindstudien identifiziert, die die anxiolytische Wirksamkeit von Silexan bei subsyndromaler Angststörungen (vs. Plazebo; Behandlungsdauer 10 Wochen), bei generalisierten Angststörungen (GAS, vs. Lorazepam; 6 Wochen) und bei Unruhe und Agitiertheit (vs. Plazebo; 10 Wochen) gemäß DSM-IV- und ICD-10-Kriterien untersuchten. Zur Messung des Angstniveaus dienten die Hamilton Angstskala (HAMA). Insgesamt erhielten 280 Patienten 80 mg/Tag Silexan; 37 wurden mit 0,5 mg/Tag Lorazepam und 192 mit Placebo behandelt. Bei Behandlungsbeginn lag der HAMA-Gesamtwert in den Behandlungsgruppen zwischen 24,7 und 27,1 Punkten. Unter Silexan zeigten sich Abnahmen zwischen 10,4 ± 7,1 und 12,0 ± 7,2 Punkten nach 6 Wochen und zwischen 11,8 ± 7,7 und 16,0 ± 8,3 Punkten nach 10 Wochen. Bei Patienten mit GAS war die HAMA-Gesamtwert-Abnahme unter Silexan und Lorazepam vergleichbar (90 % KI für die Mittelwertsdifferenz: −2,3; 2,8 Punkte).

Summary

We review the data on the efficacy and tolerability of silexan, a novel preparation from lavender oil for oral use, in the treatment of anxiety disorders and related condition with particular attention to subthreshold generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Three randomized, double-blind clinical trials were identified which investigated the efficacy of silexan in subsynromal anxiety disorder (vs. placebo; 10 weeks' treatment), in GAD (vs. lorazepam; 6 weeks), and in restlessness and agitation (vs. placebo; 10 weeks) according to DSM-IV and ICD-10 criteria. All trials assessed the participants' anxiety levels using the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA). Across all trials 280 patients were exposed to silexan 80 mg/day, 37 were treated with lorazepam 0.5 mg/day and 192 received placebo. Average within group HAMA total scores at baseline ranged between 24.7 and 27.1 points. Patients treated with silexan showed average HAMA total score decreases by between 10.4 ± 7.1 and 12.0 ± 7.2 points at week 6 and by between 11.8 ± 7.7 and 16.0 ± 8.3 points at week 10. In GAD silexan and lorazepam showed comparable HAMA total score reductions (90% CI for mean value difference: −2.3; 2.8 points).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

References

  • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-IV. American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC, 1994

  • Carter RM, Wittchen HU, Pfister H, et al. One-year prevalence of subthreshold and threshold DSM-IV generalized anxiety disorder in a nationally representative sample. Depress Anxiety, 13: 78–88, 2001

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen CI, Magai C, Yaffee R, et al. The prevalence of anxiety and associated factors in a multiracial sample of older adults. Psychiatr Serv, 57: 1719–1725, 2006

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Heun R, Papassotiropoulos A, Ptok U. Subthreshold depressive and anxiety disorders in the elderly. Eur Psychiatry, 15: 173–182, 2000

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wittchen HU, Kessler RC, Beesdo K, et al. Generalized anxiety and depression in primary care: prevalence, recognition, and management. J Clin Psychiatry, 63(Suppl 8): 24–34, 2002

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Volz HP, Gastpar M, Kasper S, et al. Subsyndromale Angststörungen: Definition, Messparameter, Epidemiologie. Neurol Neurochir Psychiatr, 10(Pre-Publishing Online): 1–6, 2009

    Google Scholar 

  • Lawrence AE, Brown TA. Differentiating generalized anxiety disorder from anxiety disorder not otherwise specified. J Nerv Ment Dis, 197: 879–886, 2009

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kessler RC, Brandenburg N, Lane M, et al. Rethinking the duration requirement for generalized anxiety disorder: evidence from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Psychol Med, 35: 1073–1082, 2005

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ruscio AM, Chiu WT, Roy-Byrne P, et al. Broadening the definition of generalized anxiety disorder: effects on prevalence and associations with other disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. J Anxiety Disord, 21: 662–676, 2007

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pincus HA, Davis WW, McQueen LE. 'Subthreshold' mental disorders. A review and synthesis of studies on minor depression and other 'brand names'. Br J Psychiatry, 174: 288–296, 1999

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lewinsohn PM, Shankman SA, Gau JM, et al. The prevalence and co-morbidity of subthreshold psychiatric conditions. Psychol Med, 34: 613–622, 2004

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yonkers KA, Dyck IR, Warshaw M, et al. Factors predicting the clinical course of generalised anxiety disorder. Br J Psychiatry, 176: 544–5449, 2000

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wittchen HU, Carter RM, Pfister H, et al. Disabilities and quality of life in pure and comorbid generalized anxiety disorder and major depression in a national survey. Int Clin Psychopharmacol, 15: 319–328, 2000

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Aune T, Stiles TC. Universal-based prevention of syndromal and subsyndromal social anxiety: A randomized controlled study. J Consult Clin Psychol, 77: 867–879, 2009

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Diefenbach GJ, Hopko DR, Feigon S, et al. 'Minor GAD': characteristics of subsyndromal GAD in older adults. Behav Res Ther, 41: 481–487, 2003

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rickels K, Schweizer E. The spectrum of generalised anxiety in clinical practice: the role of short-term, intermittent treatment. Br J Psychiatry Suppl, 34: 49–54, 1998

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lader MH. Limitations on the use of benzodiazepines in anxiety and insomnia: are they justified? Eur Neuropsychopharmacol, 9(Suppl 6): S399–S405, 1999

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Longo LP, Johnson B. Addiction: Part I. Benzodiazepines – side effects, abuse risk and alternatives. Am Fam Physician, 61: 2121–2128, 2000

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Westenberg HG, Sandner C. Tolerability and safety of fluvoxamine and other antidepressants. Int J Clin Pract, 60: 482–491, 2006

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines an Healthcare. Lavender oil (Lavandulae aetheroleum). In: European, 5th edn. Strasbourg, France. European Directorate for Quality of Medicines and Healthcare (EDQM), pp. 1894–1895, 2005

  • Cavanagh HM, Wilkinson JM. Biological activities of lavender essential oil. Phytother Res, 16: 301–308, 2002

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Elizabetsky E, Marschner J, Souza DO. Effects of linalool on glutamatergic system in the rat cerebral cortex. Neurochem Res, 20: 461–465, 1995

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kasper S, Gastpar M, Müller WE, et al. Silexan, an orally administered Lavandula oil preparation, is effective in the treatment of 'subsyndromal' anxiety disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. Int Clin Psychopharmacol, 25: 277–287, 2010

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Woelk H, Schläfke S. A multi-center, double-blind, randomised study of the Lavender oil preparation Silexan in comparison to Lorazepam for generalized anxiety disorder. Phytomedicine, 17: 94–99, 2010

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kasper S, Anghelescu I, Dienel A. Efficacy of Silexan (WS® 1265) in Patients with Restlessness and Sleep Disturbance. In: Annual Congress of the German Society for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (DGPPN). Berlin, Germany; 2010

  • Uehleke B, Schaper S, Dienel A, et al. Phase II trial on the effects of Silexan in patients with neurasthenia, posttraumatic stress disorder or somatization disorder. Submitted for publication

  • Stange R, Schaper S, Uehleke B, et al. Phase II study on the effects of lavender oil (Silexan) in patients with neurasthenia, post-traumatic stress disorders or somatisation disorder (Abstract). Focus Alter Complementary Therapies, 12: 46, 2007

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zung WW. A rating instrument for anxiety disorders. Psychosomatics, 12: 371–379, 1971

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kendall PC, Finch AJ Jr, Auerbach SM, et al. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory: a systematic evaluation. J Consult Clin Psychol, 44: 406–412, 1976

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF 3rd, Monk TH, et al. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res, 28: 193–213, 1989

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ware JE Jr, Sherbourne CD. The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Med Care, 30: 473–483, 1992

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • National Institute of Mental Health. 12 – CGI. Clinical Global Impressions. In: Guy W, (ed) EDCEU assessment in psychopharmacology. U.S. National Institute of Mental Health, Psychopharmacology Research Branch, Rockville, MD, pp. 217–222, 1970

  • Helmchen H. Unterschwellige psychische Störungen. Nervenarzt, 72: 181–189, 2001

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Helmchen H, Linden M. Subthreshold disorders in psychiatry: clinical reality, methodological artifact, and the double-threshold problem. Compr Psychiatry, 41: 1–7, 2000

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Siegfried Kasper.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Kasper, S., Gastpar, M., Müller, W. et al. Efficacy and safety of silexan, a new, orally administered lavender oil preparation, in subthreshold anxiety disorder – evidence from clinical trials. Wien Med Wochenschr 160, 547–556 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10354-010-0845-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10354-010-0845-7

Schlüsselwörter

Keywords

Navigation