Summary
The study objective was to evaluate the long-term influence of non-radical surgical and restorative dental treatment modalities prior to elective cardiac valve replacement on the subsequent dental treatment demand. A total of 305 patients preceding cardiac valve surgery were screened and the appropriate dental treatment was initiated. After 36 months 80 patients were re-evaluated clinically, of which 60 required dental restorations of 155 teeth, mostly due to periodontal pathology. Independent of the sub-group there was a statistically substantial increase of the treatment demand compared to the time of initial examination. In addition, at the time of final re-evaluation the definite treatment need significantly increased far beyond anticipation, potentially due to inadequate dental procedures during the follow-up interval. Irrespective of any dental treatment or antibiotic application, endocarditis did not occur in any patient. Non-radical dental restoration prior to cardiac valve replacement can only be successful, if a standardized dental follow-up with common monitoring forms is provided. The risk of prosthetic valve infective endocarditis based on a dental focus is probably overestimated.
Zusammenfassung
Studienziel war die Evaluation des Einflusses einer nicht-radikalen Zahnsanierung vor einer geplanten Herzklappenersatzoperation auf den langfristigen postoperativen zahnärztlichen Behandlungsbedarf. 305 Patienten wurden vor einer Klappenersatzoperation hinsichtlich des zahnärztlichen Fokussanierungsbedarfs gescreent und notwendige Behandlungen eingeleitet. Nach 36 Monaten konnten 80 dieser Patienten klinisch reevaluiert werden. Bei 60 Patienten waren 155 Zähne behandlungsbedürftig, meistens aufgrund parodontaler Schädigungen. Gruppenunabhängig lag ein statistisch signifikanter Anstieg des Behandlungsbedarfs gegenüber dem initialen Erhebungsbefund vor. Darüber hinaus zeigte sich zum Nachbeobachtungszeitpunkt eine signifikant über der Erwartung liegende tatsächliche Therapienotwendigkeit, was möglicherweise auf nicht adäquate Therapiemaßnahmen während des Follow-up-Intervalls zurückzuführen ist. Eine Endokarditis war ungeachtet einer präoperativen Sanierung und einer meistens erfolgten prophylaktischen Antibiotikagabe im Gesamtkollektiv nicht aufgetreten. Nicht-radikale zahnärztliche Behandlungen vor einer Herzklappenersatzoperation können nur dann erfolgreich sein, wenn auch eine anschließende engmaschige Nachsorge unter standardisierten Nachbeobachtungsrichtlinien mit entsprechenden Erhebungsbögen gewährleistet ist. Die Gefahr einer von einem unbehandelten dentalen Fokus ausgehenden Ersatzklappenendokarditis wird wahrscheinlich überschätzt.
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Kolk, A., Pautke, C., Hall, D. et al. Eine klinisch prospektive Untersuchung zum Einfluss der Fokussanierung vor Herzklappenoperation auf den langfristigen zahnärztlichen Behandlungsbedarf. Wien Med Wochenschr 159, 608–619 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10354-009-0694-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10354-009-0694-4