Skip to main content

Mann-zu-Frau-Transsexualismus. Ergebnisse geschlechtsangleichender Operationen in einer biopsychosozialen Perspektive

Male-to-female transsexualism. Sex reassignment surgery from a biopsychosocial perspective

Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift volume 159, pages 548–557 (2009)Cite this article

Summary

Many man-to-female-transsexuals prefer sex reassignment surgery. Surgical complications are common, most frequently a stenosis of the vagina as well as the urethral ostium. In up to 24% of patients secondary corrective surgery is necessary. Regret and feelings of doubt can occur in up to 8% of the cases. In the setting of an interdisciplinary team the postoperative somatic, psychological and socio-economic situation can be improved. This review is based on a Medline literature search and summarizes the pertinent literature of the last 22 years.

Zusammenfassung

Operative Geschlechtsangleichungen werden trotz hoher Komplikationsraten von vielen Mann-zu-Frau-Transsexuellen angestrebt. Die häufigsten postoperativen Komplikationen sind Vaginal- und Urethrastenosen. In bis zu 24 % der Fälle werden korrigierende Zweitoperationen nötig und bis zu 8 % der Patienten entwickeln postoperativ Gefühle des Bedauern oder des Zweifels. Unter Einsatz eines multidisziplinären Behandlungsteams verbessert sich postoperativ bei vielen Patienten die psychische, somatische und sozioökonomische Gesamtsituation. Die vorliegende Übersichtsarbeit fasst die Medline-gelisteten Arbeiten zum Transsexualismus der letzten 22 Jahre zusammen.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Access options

Buy single article

Instant access to the full article PDF.

43,34 €

Price includes VAT (Finland)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Literatur

  • Ovid. Metamorphosen. München: Goldmann, 1981

  • Jarrar K, Wolff E, Weidner W. Langzeitergebnisse nach Geschlechtsangleichung bei männlichen Transsexuellen. Urologe, 35: 331–337, 1999

    Google Scholar 

  • Becker S, Bosinski HAG, Clement U, et al. Standards der Behandlung und Begutachtung von Transsexuellen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Sexualforschung, der Akademie für Sexualmedizin und der Gesellschaft für Sexualwissenschaft. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr, 66: 164–169, 1998

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders – DSM-IV-TR. Washington (DC): American Psychiatric association, 2000

  • Hoenig J. The management of transsexualism. Canad Psychiat Ass J, 19: 1–5, 1974

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pauly IB. The current status of the change of sex operation. J Nerv Ment Disease, 147: 460–471, 1969

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eicher W. Transsexualismus: Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Geschlechtsumwandlung. Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer Verlag, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Eckert C. Transsexuelle – Warum werden sie nicht schizophren? Sexualmed, 14: 16–22, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Swaab DF, Roozendaal B, Ravid R, et al. Suprachiasmatic nucleus in aging, Alzheimer's disease, transsexuality and Prader-Willi-Syndrome. Prog Brain Res, 72: 301–310, 1987

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kockott G. Die klinische Koordination der Behandlung und Begutachtung. In: Clement U, Senf W (eds) Transsexualität, Behandlung und Begutachtung. Stuttgart, New York: Schattauer Verlag; pp. 8–18, 1996

    Google Scholar 

  • Pfäfflin F, Junge A. Geschlechtsumwandlung – Abhandlungen zur Transsexualität. Stuttgart, New York: Schattauer, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Jorgensen C. A personal autobiography. San Francisco: Cleis Press, 2001

    Google Scholar 

  • Saraf S, Saraf P. McIndoe Vaginoplasty: Revisited. Internet J Gynecol Obstet, 6: 2, 2007

    Google Scholar 

  • Soli M, Brunocilla E, Bertaccini A, et al. Male to female gender reassignment: modified surgical technique for creating the neoclitoris and mons veneris. J Sex Med, 5: 210–216, 2008

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lindemalm G, Körlin D, Uddenberg N. Long-Term Follow-Up of "Sex Change" in 13 Male-to-Female Transsexuals. Arch Sex Behavior, 15: 187–209, 1986

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stein M, Tiefer L, Melman A. Follow-up Observations of Operated Male-to-Female Transsexuals. J Urol, 143: 1188–1192, 1990

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rehman J, Lazer S, Benet AE, et al. The Reported Sex and Surgery Satisfaction of 28 Postoperative Male-to-Female Transsexual Patients. Arch Sex Behavior, 28: 71–89, 1999

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eicher W, Schmitt B, Bergner CM. Transformationsoperation bei Mann-zu-Frau-Transsexuellen. Darstellungder Methode und Nachuntersuchung von 50 Operierten. Z Sexualforsch, 4: 119–132, 1991

    Google Scholar 

  • Schroder M, Carroll R. New Women: Sexological Outcomes of Male-to-Female Gender Reassignment Surgery. J Sex Educ Ther, 24: 137–146, 1999

    Google Scholar 

  • Krege S, Bex A, Lümmen G, et al. Male-to-female transsexualism: a technique, results and long-term follow-up in 66 patients. BJU Int, 88: 396–402, 2001

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zimmermann A, Zimmer R, Kovacs L, et al. Transsexuals life satisfaction after gender transformation operations. Chirurg, 77: 432–438, 2006

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lobato MI, Koff WJ, Manenti C, et al. Follow-up of sex reassignment surgery in transsexuals: a Brazilian cohort. Arch Sex Behav, 35: 711–715, 2006

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Clement U, Senf W. Transsexualität: Behandlung und Begutachtung. Stuttgart, New York: Schattauer Verlag, 1996

    Google Scholar 

  • Ross M, Need J. Effects of Adequacy of Gender Reassignment Surgery on Psychological Adjustment: A Follow-up of Fourteen Male-to-Female Patients. Arch Sex Behavior, 18: 145–153, 1989

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eldh J, Berg A, Gustafsson M. Long Term Follow Up After Sex Reassignment Surgery. Scand J Plast Reconstr Hand Surg, 31: 39–45, 1997

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lawrence A. Factors Associated with Satisfaction or Regret Following Male-to-Female Sex Reassignment Surgery. Arch Sex Behavior, 32: 299–315, 2003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kraemer B, Delsignore A, Schnyder U, et al. Body image and transsexualism. Psychopathology, 41: 96–100, 2008

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • De Cuypere G, T'Sjoen G, Beerten R, et al. Sexual and Physical Health After Sex Reassignment Surgery. Arch Sex Behavior, 34: 679–690, 2005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Foerster DW, Reynolds CL. Construction of Natural Appearing Female Genitalia in the Male Transsexual. Plast Reconstr Surg, 64: 306–312, 1979

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kröhn W, Bertermann H, Wand H, et al. Nachuntersuchung bei operierten Transsexuellen. Nervenarzt, 52: 26–31, 1981

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lawrence A. Sexuality Before and After Male-to-Female Sex Reassignment Surgery. Arch Sex Behavior, 34: 147–166, 2005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Money J, Wolff G. Sex reassignment: Male to Female to Male. Arch Sex Behavior, 2: 243–247, 1973

    Google Scholar 

  • Lawrence AA. Patient-reported complications and functional outcomes of male-to-female sex reassignment surgery. Arch Sex Behav, 35: 717–727, 2006

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goddard JC, Vickery RM, Qureshi A, et al. Feminizing genitoplasty in adult transsexuals: early and long-term surgical results. BJU Int, 100: 607–613, 2007

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Selvaggi G, Monstrey S, Ceulemans P, et al. Genital sensitivity after sex reassignment surgery in transsexual patients. Ann Plast Surg, 58: 427–433, 2007

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mate-Kole, Freschi M, Robin A. A controlled study of psychological and social change after surgical gender reassignement in selected male transsexuals. Br J Psychiatry, 157: 261–264, 1990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kuiper B, Cohen-Kettenis P. Sex reassignement surgery: A study of 141 dutch transsexuals. Arch Sex Behav, 17: 439–457, 1988

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blanchard R, Legault S, Lindsay WRN. Vaginoplasty outcome in male-to-female transsexuals. J Sex Marital Ther, 13: 265–275, 1987

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Affiliations

  1. Universitätsklinik für Psychiatrie der Medizinischen Universität Graz, Graz, Austria

    Andreas Baranyi, Dominique Piber & Hans-Bernd Rothenhäusler

Authors
  1. Andreas Baranyi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Dominique Piber
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Hans-Bernd Rothenhäusler
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Andreas Baranyi.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Baranyi, A., Piber, D. & Rothenhäusler, HB. Mann-zu-Frau-Transsexualismus. Ergebnisse geschlechtsangleichender Operationen in einer biopsychosozialen Perspektive. Wien Med Wochenschr 159, 548–557 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10354-009-0693-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10354-009-0693-5

Keywords

  • Transsexualism
  • Sex reassignment surgery

Schlüsselwörter

  • Transsexualismus
  • Operative Geschlechtsangleichung