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Nachsorge bei Kopf-Hals-Karzinomen

Follow up in head and neck cancer

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Summary

Some principle questions rise in follow up of tumour patients: Is there a chance to detect tumour recurrence or a second primary early enough to give the patient reasonable options of cure or at least lead to a better survival? What means will be necessary to achieve this goal? Do the means justify the outcome? This paper determines and compares current regimens and strategies in the follow up of head and neck cancer patients. It stresses not only the questions stated above, but also stresses additional points of view in the follow up like speech and swallow rehabilitation, as well as social reintegration and psychological support of head and neck tumour patients. Standard follow up includes facilities for speech and swallow rehabilitation. Summarizing the literature follow up mainly is based on the clinical examination and the work up of the recent medical history. Since most relapses occur within the first two years, recommendation of visit-intervals is every two months, range should be risk-adapted. Up to now there is no evidence for better overall survival using sumptuous means like repeated panendoskopies, laboratory parameters, CT's, MRIs or PETs for detecting disease relapse in the asymptomatic patient. In high risk cancer patients the intervals will be shortened compared to the average schedule recommended. Additional tests will be initiated on demand only. Since clinical evaluation of symptoms in head and neck cancer patients is difficult to assess there is an increased responsibility with respect to the indication for extended diagnostic work up. Therefore this should be reserved for well equipped and highly trained ENT Oncologists.

Zusammenfassung

In der Nachbehandlung von Kopf- Hals Tumorpatienten stellen sich grundsätzliche Fragen: Gibt es eine Chance, ein Tumorrezidiv oder ein Zweitmalignom rechtzeitig genug zu entdecken, dass es für den Patienten eine reelle Möglichkeit auf Heilung oder zu mindest ein besseres Überleben gibt? Welche Mittel sind dann hierfür notwendig? Rechtfertigt der Aufwand die Mittel? Dieser Artikel erstellt Empfehlungen für eine qualitative und auch zeitliche Basis in der Tumornachsorge oben genannter Patienten. Die Tumornachsorge beinhaltet weiterhin die Themen der Stimm- und Schluckrehabilitation, sowie die psychosoziale Reintegration der Patienten. Möglichkeiten zur Stimm- und Schluckrehabilitation sollten in der Nachsorgeinstitution standardmäßig gegeben sein. Die Zusammenfassung der Literatur zeigt, dass die Nachsorge primär an die klinische Untersuchung und die sorgfältige Erhebung der letzten Anamnese gebunden sein sollte. Da die meisten Rezidive innerhalb der ersten zwei Jahre vorkommen, lautet die Empfehlung, alle zwei Monate eine klinische Kontrolle durchzuführen, wobei diese zwei Monate Risiko-adaptiert verkürzt oder auch ausgeweitet werden können. Bis jetzt gibt es keine Evidenz, dass aufwändige Untersuchungsverfahren wie Panendoskopien, Laborbestimmungen oder Schnittbildverfahren oder PET Untersuchungen beim klinisch symptomlosen Patienten von Nutzen sind. Bei Hochrisiko-Tumorpatienten werden die Intervalle entsprechend verkürzt. Zusätzliche Untersuchungen werden nur nach Bedarf durchgeführt. Es ergibt sich, dass die Einschätzung der klinischen Situation oft schwierig ist, damit auch die Indikation zu weiterführenden Untersuchungen eine erhöhte Verantwortung in sich birgt und somit eines erfahrenen HNO Onkologen mit entsprechend ausgerüsteter Institution bedarf.

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Correspondence to Csilla Neuchrist.

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Neuchrist, C., Formanek, M. Nachsorge bei Kopf-Hals-Karzinomen. Wien Med Wochenschr 158, 273–277 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10354-008-0533-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10354-008-0533-z

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