Skip to main content
Log in

Indikationen zur chirurgischen Therapie des Oropharynxkarzinoms

Surgical treatment options in oropharyngeal cancer

  • Themenschwerpunkt
  • Published:
Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

Therapy of oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer traditionally has been radiation-based, with surgery mainly in reserve. With increasing depth of local infiltration and volume of regional metastases the role of surgery in safeguarding curative chances increases. However, after failed chemoradiation of oropharynx cancer, few patients are cured by salvage surgery. Thus, primary surgery with postoperative radiotherapy may be contemplated if circumtances are favorable. The oropharynx can be approached by transoral, transmandibular or transcervical routes. Primary surgery is increasingly valuable when resultant morbidity is decreased as in the case of more elaborated transoral approaches. Classical approaches also have improved with increasing use of midline mandibulotomy, marginal mandibulectomy, reconstructive surgery, selective neck dissection (ND), and rehabilitation. Elective ND is restricted to levels I or II to III or IV, therapeutic ND is comprehensive (classic or modified radical depending on capsular integrity), and salvage ND is individualized. Surgery, most often followed by radiotherapy, in selected cases of oropharynx cancer is an interesting alternative to chemoradiation, and in advanced disease a facultative but essential part of multimodal therapy.

Zusammenfassung

Die Therapie des Oropharynxkarzinoms ist traditionell eine Domäne der Strahlentherapie. Der Beitrag der Chirurgie liegt dabei vorwiegend in der Entfernung von Residuen bzw. Rezidiven. Je ausgeprägter die lokale Tiefeninfiltration oder die regionäre Metastasierung, umso höher wird bei gegebener Operabilität der Stellenwert einer Resektion im oft mutimodalen Therapiekonzept. Eine "Rettungschirurgie" bei Rezidiven radiochirurgisch behandelter Oropharynxkarzinome kommt allerdings nur einer Minderheit von Patienten zugute. Primär chirurgische Therapien sollten bei günstigen Rahmenbedingungen daher nicht außer Acht gelassen werden. Chirurgische Zugänge zum Oropharynx sind transoral, transmandibulär oder transzervikal. Eine primäre Resektion, meist mit postoperativer Bestrahlung, hat dort einen zunehmenden Stellenwert, wo sie die Morbidität reduziert, etwa bei weiterentwickelten transoralen Zugängen. Auch die klassischen Zugänge werden durch Mittellinien-Mandibulotomie, marginale Mandibulektomie, plastische Defektrekonstruktion, abgestufte Neck dissection (ND) und logopädische Rehabilitation besser vertragen. Die elektive ND wird selektiv (Levels II–III bis I–IV), die therapeutische ND radikal (modifiziert bei Knoten unter 3 cm) und die posttherapeutische ND individualisiert durchgeführt. Chirurgische Therapien bilden bei ausgewählten Formen des Oropharynxkarzinoms eine interessante Alternative zur Chemoradiotherapie und bei fortgeschrittenen Erkrankungen einen fakultativen, aber wesentlichen Bestandteil multimodaler Therapien.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

Literatur

  • Boutin P, Marandas P. Cancer de l'oropharynx. http://france-cancer.net/netscope.php?I=6&titre=Cancer+de+l\'oropharynx+

  • Boyle J, Patel S, Shah JP. Management of oral and oropharyngeal cancers. Oral-Dis, 9(3): 109–111, 2003

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cosmidis A, Rame JP, Dassonville O, Temam S, Massip F, Poissonnet G, Poupart M, Marandas P, De Raucourt D. Groupement d'Etudes des Tumeurs de la Tête et du Cou (GETTEC). T1-T2 NO oropharyngeal cancers treated with surgery alone. A GETTEC study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol, 261(5): 276–281, 2004

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Domenge C, Hill C, Lefebvre JL, De Raucourt D, Rhein B, Wibault P, Marandas P, Coche-Dequeant B, Stromboni-Luboinski M, Sancho-Garnier H, Luboinski B. French Groupe d'Etude des Tumeurs de la Tête et du Cou (GETTEC). Randomized trial of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in oropharyngeal carcinoma. French Groupe d'Etude des Tumeurs de la Tête et du Cou (GETTEC). Br J Cancer, 83(12): 1594–1598, 2000

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eckel HE, Volling P, Pototschnig C, Zorowka P, Thumfart W. Transoral laser resection with staged discontinuous neck dissection for oral cavity and oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma. Laryngoscope, 105(1): 53–60, 1995

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frank DK, Hu KS, Culliney BE, Persky MS, Nussbaum M, Schantz SP, Malamud SC, Holliday RA, Khorsandi AS, Sessions RB, Harrison LB. Planned neck dissection after concomitant radiochemotherapy for advanced head and neck cancer. Laryngoscope, 115(6):1015–1020, 2005

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Friedlander P, Caruana S, Singh B, Shaha A, Kraus D, Harrison L, McKiernan J, Solan J, Polyak T, Shah JP. Functional status after primary surgical therapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the base of the tongue. Head-Neck, 24(2): 111–114, 2002

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gangloff P, Deganello A, Lacave ML, Verhaeghe JL, Lapeyre M, Maire F, Phulpin B, Guillemin F, Dolivet G. Use of the infra hyoid musculo-cutaneous flap in soft palate reconstruction. Eur J Surg Oncol, 32(10): 1165–1169, 2006

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Genden EM, Rinaldo A, Jacobson A, Shaha AR, Suárez C, Urquhart JLAC, Werner JA, Gullane P, Ferlito A. Management of mandibular invasion: when is a marginal mandibulectomy appropriate? Oral Oncology, 41(8): 776–782, 2005

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Genden EM, Thawley SE, O'Leary MJ. Malignant neoplasms of the oropharynx. In: Cummings CW, Frederickson JM, Harker LA et al (eds): Otolaryngology, head and neck surgery, 3rd edn. St. Louis: Mosby, S1463–S1511, 1998

    Google Scholar 

  • Gleich LL, Ryzenman J, Gluckman JL, Wilson KM, Barrett WL, Redmond KP. Recurrent advanced (T3 or T4) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Is salvage possible? Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 130: 35–38, 2004

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goodwin WJ. Salvage surgery for patients with recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract: when do the ends justify the means? Laryngoscope 110(3 Suppl 93): 1–18, 2000

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Grant DG, Salassa JR, Hinni ML, Pearson BW, Perry WC. Carcinoma of the tongue base treated by transoral laser microsurgery, part I: untreated tumors, a prospective analysis of oncologic and functional outcomes. Laryngoscope, 116(12): 2150–2155, 2006

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Grant DG, Salassa JR, Hinni ML, Pearson BW, Perry WC. Carcinoma of the tongue base treated by transoral laser microsurgery, part II: persistent, recurrent and second primary tumors. Laryngoscope, 116(12): 2156–2161, 2006

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Holsinger FC, McWhorter AJ, Ménard M, Garcia D, Laccourreye O. Transoral lateral oropharyngectomy for squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsillar region: I. technique, complications and functional results. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 131(7):583–591, 2005

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kutter J, Lang F, Monnier P, Pasche P. Transoral laser surgery for pharyngeal and pharyngolaryngeal carcinomas. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 133(2): 139–144, 2000

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Laccourreye O, Hans S, Ménard M, Garcia D, Brasnu D, Holsinger FC. Transoral lateral oropharyngectomy for squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsillar region: II. An analysis of the incidence, related variables, and consequences of local recurrence. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 131(7): 592–599, 2005

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee H-J, Zelefsky M-J, Kraus D-H, Pfister D-G, Strong E-W, Raben A, Shah J-P, Harrison L-B. Long-term regional control after radiation therapy and neck dissection for base of tongue carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 38(5): 995–1000, 1997

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leemans CR, Engelbrecht WJ, Tiwari R, Devillé WL, Karim AB, van der Waal I, Snow GB. Carcinoma of the soft palate and anterior tonsillar pillar. Laryngoscope, 104(12): 1477–1481, 1994

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lim YC, Koo BS, Lee JS, Lim JY, Choi EC. Distributions of cervical lymph node metastases in oropharyngeal carcinoma: therapeutic implications for the N0 neck. Laryngoscope, 116(7): 1148–1152, 2006

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lydiatt WM, Kraus DH, Cordeiro PG, Hidalgo DA, Shah JP. Posterior pharyngeal carcinoma resection with larynx preservation and radial forearm free flap reconstruction: a preliminary report. Head-Neck, 18(6): 501–505, 1996

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Machtay M, Perch S, Markiewicz D. Combined surgery and postoperative radiotherapy for carcinoma of the base of tongue. Head Neck, 19: 494–499, 1997

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marandas P. Tumeurs de l'oropharynx. DU de carcinologie clinique. Faculté Paris-Sud, 1999–2000

  • Moyer JS, Wolf GT, Bradford CR. Current thoughts on the role of chemotherapy and radiation in advanced head and neck cancer. Curr Opinion Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 12(2): 82–87, 2004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Munck K, Ali MJ, Murr AH, Goldberg N. Impact of socioeconomic status on the diagnosis to treatment interval in Waldeyer's ring carcinoma. Laryngoscope, 115(7): 1283–1287, 2005

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology™. Head and neck cancers. http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/PDF/head-and-neck.pdf

  • O'Brien CJ, Adams JR, McNeil EB, Taylor P, Laniewski P, Clifford A, Parker GDInfluence of bone invasion and extent of mandibular resection on local control of cancers of the oral cavity and oropharynx. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 32(5): 492–497, 2003

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Petruzzelli GJ, Knight FK, Vandevender D, Clark JI, Emami B. Posterior marginal mandibulectomy in the management of cancer of the oral cavity and oropharynx. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 129(6): 713–719, 2003

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Poulsen M, Porceddu SV, Kingsley PA, Tripcony L, Coman W. Locally advanced tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma: treatment approach revisited. Laryngoscope, 117(1): 45–50, 2007

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sassler AM, Esclamado RM, Wolf GT. Surgery after organ preservation therapy: analysis of wound complications. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 121: 162–165, 1995

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spiro JD, Spiro RH. Carcinoma of the tonsillar fossa. An update. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 115(10): 1186–1189, 1989

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spiro RH, Gerold FP, Strong EW. Mandibular "swing" approach for oral and oropharyngeal tumors. Head Neck Surg, 3(5): 371–378, 1981

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steiner W, Ambrosch P. Endoscopic laser surgery of the upper aerodigestive tract. New York: Thieme, 2000

    Google Scholar 

  • Steiner W, Fierek O, Ambrosch P, et al. Transoral laser microsurgery for squamous cell carcinoma of the base of the tongue. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 129(1): 36–43, 2003

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Suh JD, Sercarz JA, Abemayor E, Calcaterra TC, Rawnsley JD, Alam D, Blackwell KE. Analysis of outcome and complications in 400 cases of microvascular head and neck reconstruction. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 130: 962–966, 2004

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Herwig Swoboda.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Swoboda, H. Indikationen zur chirurgischen Therapie des Oropharynxkarzinoms. Wien Med Wochenschr 158, 249–254 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10354-008-0529-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10354-008-0529-8

Keywords

Schlüsselwörter

Navigation