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Liver transplantation organ allocation between Child and MELD

Lebertransplantation Organallokation zwischen Child und MELD

Zusammenfassung

Die Lebertransplantation hat sich in den letzten Jahren als effektivste Therapie für akute und chronische Lebererkrankungen mit ausgezeichneten Langzeitergebnissen etabliert. Zu Beginn der Transplantationsära wurden die Organe auf Basis der Wartezeit zugeteilt. Als die Anzahl der für eine Transplantation gelisteten Patienten kontinuierlich anstieg, wurde die Einführung eines speziellen Allokationssystems nach der jeweiligen Dringlichkeit des einzelnen Patienten notwendig. Die Patienten wurden in einzelne Dringlichkeitsstufen, je nach Art der Hospitalisierung, Schweregrad der Lebererkrankung, bestimmt durch den Child-Turcotte-Pugh-Score und bestehenden Komplikationen der Leberzirrhose, wie Aszites, Varizenblutungen, maligne Transformation, eingeteilt. In den meisten Ländern Europas, wie auch in Österreich, ist dieses Allokationssystem nach wie vor in Verwendung. In den Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika wurde im Februar 2002 auf ein neues Allokationssystem umgestellt, welches auf dem Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) Score beruht. Zahlreiche Publikationen zeigten, dass diese Umstellung zwar zu einer geringen Senkung der Mortalitätsrate auf der Warteliste führte, aber auch, dass der MELD-Score Schwachpunkte aufweist und Verbesserungen notwendig erscheinen. Es bestehen daher berechtigte Zweifel, dass der MELD-Score dem Child-Turcotte-Pugh-Score in der Organallokation überlegen ist. Daher muss das optimalste Zuteilungssystem von Leberorganen noch gefunden werden.

Summary

Liver transplantation (LT) has been established as the most effective therapy for acute and chronic liver diseases over the last few decades due to its excellent long-term results. At the beginning of the LT era, donor organs were allocated based on waiting time. However, as the number of LT candidates consistently increased, a specific allocation system became necessary to prioritize the large number of patients waiting for a limited pool of organs. The LT candidates were categorized into different urgency levels based on their hospital status, degree of liver disease as measured by the Child-Turcotte-Pugh score, and accompanying complications of liver disease, such as ascites, variceal bleeding or hepatocellular carcinoma. The majority of European countries, including Austria, still rely on this organ allocation system. In the United States, however, a new allocation system based on the risk of death without transplantation, assessed by the Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD), was initiated in February 2002. Recent reports have shown that the introduction of the MELD system led to a reduction in waiting list mortality, but also that the MELD score has several limitations that call for further refinements. In the transplant community there are reasonable doubts that MELD is actually superior to the Child-Turcotte Pugh score. Therefore, the optimal liver organ allocation system is yet to be defined.

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Correspondence to Ivo Graziadei.

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Graziadei, I. Liver transplantation organ allocation between Child and MELD. Wien Med Wochenschr 156, 410–415 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10354-006-0317-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10354-006-0317-2

Schlüsselwörter

  • Lebertransplantation
  • Organspender
  • Leberzirrhose

Keywords

  • Liver transplantation
  • Donor
  • Liver cirrhosis