Zusammenfassung
GRUNDLAGEN: Ziel dieser Studie ist es, die Wirksamkeit der Therapie der multimodaler Zytoreduktion in symptomatischen Patienten mit fortgeschrittenen hepatalen Karzinoidmetastasen zu erfassen. METHODIK: Es wurde eine retrospektive Analyse von prospektiv erhobenen Daten durchgeführt. Alle Patienten mit symptomatischem hepatal metastasierten Karzinoid, die zwischen Oktober 1996 und Oktober 2004 an unserer Klinik mittels Zytoreduktion behandelt wurden, wurden in diese Studie eingeschlossen. Die Behandlungsmethoden umfassten Leberresektion, Radiofrequenzablation, Äthanlinjektion, Chemoembolisation oder eine Kombination dieser Therapien. ERGEBNISSE: Es wurden insgesamt 15 Patienten mit einem mittleren Alter von 61 Jahren (±11 Jahre) mittels Zytoreduktion behandelt. Bei 12 Patienten (80%) lagen bilobäre multiple hepatale Metastasen vor, bei 3 Patienten (20%) handelte es sich um solitäre hepatale Läsionen. In 11 Patienten wurden eine oder mehrere palliative Leberresektionen durchgeführt. Bei zwei Patienten erfolgten kurative Resektionen und zwei weitere Patienten wurden mittels Chemoembolisation behandelt. Mit einer mittleren Nachbeobachtungszeit von 29 Monaten (±22,1 Monate) bestand bei 6 Patienten (40%) eine stabile Erkrankung, bei 8 Patienten kam es zu einem Fortschreiten und bei einem Patienten (6,6%) bestand kein Hinweis auf Rezidiv. Vier Patienten verstarben im Beobachtungszeitraum, zwei davon im Rahmen des Fortschreitens der Erkrankung. Die mediane Dauer der Symptomreduktion lag bei 12 Monaten. Die mittlere Überlebenszeit vom Zeitpunkt der Behandlung lag bei 57 Monaten. SCHLUSSFOLGERUNGEN: Mittels aggressiver Zytoreduktion lassen sich bei Patienten mit fortgeschrittenen hepatalen Karzinoidmetastasen zufriedenstellende Überlebenszeiten erzielen. Nichtsdestotrotz sind hinsichtlich der längerfristigen Symptomkontrolle Verbesserungen wünschenswert.
Summary
BACKGROUND: The objective of our study was to assess the efficacy of multimodal hepatic cytoreduction in symptomatic patients with advanced hepatic metastases from carcinoid disease. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data was performed. All consecutive patients, who underwent cytoreductive treatment for their metastatic carcinoid liver disease between October 1996 and October 2004, were enrolled. Treatment modalities included resection, radiofrequency with ethanol ablation, chemoembolization, or combined therapy. RESULTS: Fifteen patients, mean age 61 (SD 11) years, underwent cytoreduction. Twelve (80%) patients had extensive bilobar disease and 3 (20%) had solitary lesions. Eleven patients underwent one or more palliative surgical debulking procedures. Two patients had curative resection, and 2 patients had chemoembolization only due to unacceptable anesthesia risk. With a mean follow-up after 29 months (SD 22.1), 6 patients (40%) had stable disease, 8 (53.3%) had progression of disease and 1 (6.6%) had no disease at all. Death grasped 4 patients of which 2 died due to progression of disease. The median symptom relief period was 12 months. Overall survival was 57 months (mean) from the time of hepatic cytoreduction. CONCLUSIONS: Aggressive hepatic cytoreduction in patients with advanced metastatic carcinoid disease can achieve excellent overall survival but needs improvement in long-term symptom control.
References
Moertel CG (1987) Karnofsky memorial lecture. An odyssey in the land of small tumors. J Clin Oncol 5: 1502–1522
Norheim I, Oberg K, Theodorsson-Norheim E, Lindgren PG, Lundqvist G, Magnusson A, Wide L, Wilander E (1987) Malignant carcinoid tumors. An analysis of 103 patients with regard to tumor localization, hormone production, and survival. Ann Surg 206: 115–125
Shebani KO, Souba WW, Finkelstein DM, Stark PC, Elgadi KM, Tanabe KK, Ott MJ (1999) Prognosis and survival in patients with gastrointestinal tract carcinoid tumors. Ann Surg 229: 815–821; discussion 822–823
Chung MH, Pisegna J, Spirt M, Giuliano AE, Ye W, Ramming KP, Bilchik AJ (2001) Hepatic cytoreduction followed by a novel long-acting somatostatin analog: a paradigm for intractable neuroendocrine tumors metastatic to the liver. Surgery 130: 954–962
Welin SV, Janson ET, Sundin A, Stridsberg M, Lavenius E, Granberg D, Skogseid B, Oberg KE, Eriksson BK (2004) High-dose treatment with a long-acting somatostatin analogue in patients with advanced midgut carcinoid tumours. Eur J Endocrinol 151: 107–112
McEntee GP, Nagorney DM, Kvols LK, Moertel CG, Grant CS (1990) Cytoreductive hepatic surgery for neuroendocrine tumors. Surgery 108: 1091–1096
Musunuru S, Chen H, Rajpal S, Stephani N, McDermott JC, Holen K, Rikkers LF, Weber SM (2006) Metastatic neuroendocrine hepatic tumors: resection improves survival. Arch Surg 141: 1000–1004; discussion 1005
Touzios JG, Kiely JM, Pitt SC, Rilling WS, Quebbeman EJ, Wilson SD, Pitt HA (2005) Neuroendocrine hepatic metastases: does aggressive management improve survival? Ann Surg 241: 776–783; discussion 783–785
Bilchik AJ, Wood TF, Allegra D, Tsioulias GJ, Chung M, Rose DM, Ramming KP, Morton DL (2000) Cryosurgical ablation and radiofrequency ablation for unresectable hepatic malignant neoplasms: a proposed algorithm. Arch Surg 135: 657–662; discussion 662–664
Dousset B, Saint-Marc O, Pitre J, Soubrane O, Houssin D, Chapuis Y (1996) Metastatic endocrine tumors: medical treatment, surgical resection, or liver transplantation. World J Surg 20: 908–914; discussion 914–915
Que FG, Nagorney DM, Batts KP, Linz LJ, Kvols LK (1995) Hepatic resection for metastatic neuroendocrine carcinomas. Am J Surg 169: 36–42; discussion 42–43
Siperstein AE, Berber E (2001) Cryoablation, percutaneous alcohol injection, and radiofrequency ablation for treatment of neuroendocrine liver metastases. World J Surg 25: 693–696
Eriksson BK, Larsson EG, Skogseid BM, Lofberg AM, Lorelius LE, Oberg KE (1998) Liver embolizations of patients with malignant neuroendocrine gastrointestinal tumors. Cancer 83: 2293–2301
O'Toole D, Maire F, Ruszniewski P (2003) Ablative therapies for liver metastases of digestive endocrine tumours. Endocr Relat Cancer 10: 463–468
Gehan EA, Tefft MC (2000) Will there be resistance to the RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors)? J Natl Cancer Inst 92: 179–181
Kusaba H, Saijo N (2000) A summary report of response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST criteria). Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 27: 1–5
Sasaki T (2000) New guidelines to evaluate the response to treatment "RECIST". Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 27: 2179–2184
Knox CD, Feurer ID, Wise PE, Lamps LW, Kelly Wright J, Chari RS, Lee Gorden D, Wright Pinson C (2004) Survival and functional quality of life after resection for hepatic carcinoid metastasis. J Gastrointest Surg 8: 653–659
Berber E, Flesher N, Siperstein AE (2002) Laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation of neuroendocrine liver metastases. World J Surg 26: 985–990
Roche A, Girish BV, de Baere T, Baudin E, Boige V, Elias D, Lasser P, Schlumberger M, Ducreux M (2003) Trans-catheter arterial chemoembolization as first-line treatment for hepatic metastases from endocrine tumors. Eur Radiol 13: 136–140
Osborne DA, Zervos EE, Strosberg J, Boe BA, Malafa M, Rosemurgy AS, Yeatman TJ, Carey L, Duhaine L, Kvols LK (2006) Improved outcome with cytoreduction versus embolization for symptomatic hepatic metastases of carcinoid and neuroendocrine tumors. Ann Surg Oncol 13: 572–581
Rubin J, Ajani J, Schirmer W, Venook AP, Bukowski R, Pommier R, Saltz L, Dandona P, Anthony L (1999) Octreotide acetate long-acting formulation versus open-label subcutaneous octreotide acetate in malignant carcinoid syndrome. J Clin Oncol 17: 600–606
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sporn, E., Mancini, G., Khajanchee, Y. et al. Multimodal cytoreduction for carcinoid liver metastases: analysis of a case series with highly advanced disease. Eur Surg 40, 72–76 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10353-008-0395-z
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10353-008-0395-z