Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Effects of the platelet-activating factor receptor antagonist WEB 2086 on hepatic microcirculation following hemorrhagic hypotension

Auswirkungen des Plätchen-Aktivierungsfaktor Rezeptor Antagonisten WEB 2086 auf die hepatitische Mikrozirkulation nach hämorrhagischem Schock

  • Original Scientific Paper
  • Published:
European Surgery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

GRUNDLAGEN: Perfusionsstörungen in der Mikrozirkulation, auch als "no-reflow Phänomen" bekannt, entwickeln sich häufig als Folge eines Ischämie-/Reperfusions-Schadens und bereiten häufig große therapeutische Probleme in der Behandlung des Schocks oder der Sepsis. Häufig entstehen diese Probleme zeitversetzt erst einige Tage nach dem eigentlichen Insult. Die Bedeutung des Plättchen-Aktivierungs-Faktors (PAF) in der Entstehung von solchen Mikrozirkulationsstörungen in diversen klinischen Situationen, wie etwa dem Kreislaufschock, der Sepsis und anderen Ischämie/Reperfusion Ereignissen, ist in vielen Studien bereits gezeigt worden. Wir haben die Bedeutung des PAF für die hepatische Mikrozirkulation nach hämorrhagischem Schock mittels eines Intra-Vital Mikroskopie (IVM) Ratten-Models Schock Models untersucht. METHODIK: Die Tiere wurden nach Randomisierung in Schockgruppen zur IVM nach zwei- oder fünf Tagen sowie einer Kontroll-Gruppe ohne Schock (Sham) eingeteilt. Nach druckkontrollierter hämorrhagischer Hypotension von 90 Minuten Dauer, wurden die Schock-Ratten mit dem PAF-Rezeptor-Antagonisten WEB 2086 (1 mg/kg) oder NaCl, randomisiert und verblindet, behandelt. Anschließend folgte eine dreistündige Volumentherapie mit Ringer-Lactat. Die IVM der Leber erfolgte am zweiten bzw. fünften Tag nach dem Schock. ERGEBNISSE: Zwei Tage nach Schock zeigte sich eine signifikante Verbesserung des sinusoidalen Leukozyten-Flusses in der WEB 2086 behandelten Gruppe. Nach fünf Tagen zeigte sich kein Unterschied zwischen den Gruppen. Nach zwei Tagen war der Perfusionsindex, der Anteil der perfundierten Sinusoide an allen untersuchten Sinusoiden, in der WEB 2086 behandelten Gruppe signifikant gesteigert, nach fünf Tagen war in allen Gruppen kein Unterschied mehr nachweisbar. Der hämorrhagische Schock bewirkte eine lang anhaltende Verengung der Sinusoide, die auch noch nach fünf Tagen nachweisbar blieb. Im Mittel waren die sinusoidalen Durchmesser am zweiten und fünften Tag nach Schock in der WEB 2086 behandelten Gruppe, verglichen mit der Schockgruppe, signifikant breiter. SCHLUSSFOLGERUNGEN: Die Ergebnisse sprechen für einen positiven Effekt des PAF-Rezeptor-Antagonisten WEB 2086 auf die schockinduzierten Mirkozirkulationsstörungen.

Summary

BACKGROUND: Perfusion failure in the microcirculation, known as "no-reflow phenomenon", due to ischemia-/reperfusion injury might cause severe problems following resuscitation from shock or sepsis. This situation often develops within a few days after the initial injury. The implication of the Platelet Activating Factor (PAF) in the development of microcirculatory disturbances after various conditions of shock, sepsis and ischemia-reperfusion incidents was shown in a variety of studies. We evaluated the role of PAF in the hepatic microcirculation using an intra-vital microscopy (IVM) rat-model of hemorrhagic shock. METHODS: The animals were randomly assigned to shock groups with microscopy after two or five days or corresponding control-groups without shock. After pressure controlled hemorrhagic hypotension of 90 minutes, shock rats were treated with WEB 2086 (1 mg/kg) or saline in a randomized and blinded manner followed by three hours of resuscitation with Ringers. Intravital microscopy of the liver was performed two or five days after shock. RESULTS: Two days after shock the sinusoidal leukocyte flow was significantly improved by WEB 2086. However, after five days no difference was seen between all groups. After two days, but not after five days, the perfusion-index, indicating the proportion of perfused sinusoids to all investigated sinusoids, was significantly increased by WEB 2086 in comparison to the saline treated animals. Hemorrhagic shock induced a long-lasting narrowing of the sinusoids up to five days. The mean sinusoidal diameters were significantly increased by WEB 2086 compared with the Shock group at day two and five. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest a positive effect of WEB 2086 on the shock-induced microcirculatory dysfunction.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

References

  • Minor Th, Isselhard W, Yamagouchi T (1995) Involvement of Platelet Activating Factor in Microcirculatory Disturbances after Global Hepatic Ischemia: J Surg Res 58: 536–540

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kubes P, Granger DN (1992) Nitric oxide modulates microvascular permeability. Am J Physiol 262: H611–H615

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carrico JC, Meakins JL, Marshall JC, Fry D, Maier RV (1986) Multiple-organ-failure syndrome. Arch Surg 121: 196–208

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goris RJS, Boekhorst TPA, Nuytinck JKS, Gimbrere JSF (1985) Multiple organ failure. Arch Surg 120: 1109–1115

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Noel AA, Hobson RW, Duran WN (1996) Platelet-activating factor and nitric-oxide mediate microvascular permeability in ischemia-reperfusion injury. Microvasc Res 52: 210–220

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lawrence MB, Springer TA (1991) Leukocytroll on selectin at physiologic flow rates: distinction from and prerequisite for adhesion through integrins. Cell 65: 859–873

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Serizawa A, Nakamura S, Suzuki, Baba S, Nakano M (1996) Involvement of platelet-activating factor in cytokine production and neutrophil activation after hepatic ischemia-reperfusion. Hepatology 23: 1656–1663

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stewart AG, Dubbin PN, Harris T, Dusting G (1990) Platelet-activating factor may act as a second messenger in the release of icosanoids and superoxide anions from leukocytes and endothelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87: 3215–3219

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson BO, Bensard DD, Harken AH (1991) The role of platelet activating factor and its antagonists in shock, sepsis and multiple organ failure. Surg Gynecol Obstet 172: 415–424

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mustafa SB, Gandhi CR, Harvey SAK, Olson MS (1995) Endothelin stimulates platelet activating factor synthesis by cultured rat kupffer cells. Hepatology 21: 545–553

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bauer C, Marzi I, Bauer M, Fellger H, Larsen R (1995) Interleukin-1-receptor antagonist attenuates leukocyteendothelium interactions in the liver following hemorrhagic shock in the rat. Crit Care Med 23: 1099–1105

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Duran WN, Milazzo VJ, Sadibo F (1996) Platelet-activating factor modulates leukocyte adhesion to endothelium in ischemia-reperfusion. Microvasc Res 51: 108–115

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Marzi I, Bauer C, Hower R, Bühren V (1997) Leukocyteendothelial cell interactions in the liver after hemorrhagic shock in the rat. Circ Shock 40: 105–114

    Google Scholar 

  • Menger MD, Rucker M, Vollmar B (1997) Capillary dysfunction in striated muscle ischemia/reperfusion: on the mechanisms of capillary "no-reflow". Shock 8: 2–7

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bauer M, Jian XZ, Bauer I, Clemens M (1994) Endothelin-1 as a regulator of hepatic microcirculation: Sublobular distribution of effects and impact on hepatocellular secretory function. Shock 1: 457–465

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kilbourn RG, Griffith OW (1992) Overproduction of nitric oxide in cytokine-mediated and septic shock. J Natl Cancer Inst 84: 827–877

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Menger MD, Marzi I, Messmer K (1991) In vivo fluorescence microscopy for quantitative analysis of the hepatic microcirculation in hamsters and rats. Eur Surg Res 23: 158–169

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bauer C, Bouma MG, Herrmann I, Van den Wildenberg FAJM, Firestein GS, Marzi I, Buurman WA (1997) Adenosine kinase inhibitor GP 515 attenuates hepaticleukocyte adhesion after hemorrhagic hypotension. Am J Physiol (Gastrointest Liver Physiol) 36: 1297–1303

    Google Scholar 

  • Marzi I, Knee J, Bühren V, Menger M, Trentz O (1992) Reduction by superoxide dismutase of leukocyte-endothelial adherence after liver transplantation. Surgery 111: 90–97

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Menger MD, Pelikan S, Steiner D, Messmer K (1992) Microvascular ischemia-reperfusion injury in striated muscle: significance of "reflow paradox". Am J Physiol 263 (6 Pt2): H1901–H1906

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kawada N, Tran-Thi TA, Klein H, Decker K (1993) The contraction of hepatic stellate (ito) cells stimulated with asoactive substances. Possible involvement of endothelin-1 and nitric oxide in the regulation of the sinusoidal tonus. Eur J Biochem 213: 815–823

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bauer M, Rensing H, Bauer C, Bauer I, Larsen R (1997) Organ specific expression pattern of carbon monoxide generating stress protein (hemoxygenase-1/heatshock protein 32) following hemorrhagic shock. Anaesthesist 46: 339–342

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bauer C, Kuntz W, Bauer M, Larsen R, Marzi I (2000) Evidence for a sustained inflammatory response of the hepatic microcirculation after hemorrhagic shock. Eur J Trauma 26: 176–184

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bulut K, Sargin B, Marzi I, Bauer C (2003) Long term effects of the adenosine kinase inhibitor GP-515 on hepatic microcirculation after hemorrhagic shock. Eur J Trauma 29: 1–6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sariahmetoglu M, Cakici I, Kanzik I (1998) Effects of WEB 2086 on the protective role of preconditioning against arrhythmias in rats. Pharmacol Res 38: 173–178

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to K. Bulut.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Bulut, K., Sargin, B., Marzi, I. et al. Effects of the platelet-activating factor receptor antagonist WEB 2086 on hepatic microcirculation following hemorrhagic hypotension. Eur Surg 38, 69–75 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10353-006-0212-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10353-006-0212-5

Schlüsselwörter

Keywords

Navigation