Abstract
Biophotonic nanostructures rarely withstand fossilization processes occurring after burial over geologic time. Even more distinctive is a change introduced to the optical properties during diagenetic processes resulting in a different optical appearance. Here, we report and explain the optical appearance of centric diatom frustules obtained from ash-bearing carbonate-cemented concretions on the Greifswalder Oie island (Pomeranian Bay, Germany, southern Baltic Sea). The ultrastructural and mineralogical analysis of the fossil frustules were carried out using electron microscopy techniques and were correlated to the macroscopic and microscopic optical appearance of the frustules before and after acid etching. The unique optical properties of the fossil diatoms were associated with diagenetic nanocrystalline calcite filling the frustules’ areolae. This fill created the macroscopic pale-yellow colour of many frustules, a microscopic iridescence probably associated with diffraction grating behaviour, and microscopic colour rings. The results highlight the unique permineralization process of diatom frustules and might be an addition to the emerging studies on frustule optics and photonics.
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Acknowledgements
We sincerely thank the Editor-in-Chief Maurice Tucker, Mike Reich and an anonymous reviewer for their detailed comments. We would like to particularly acknowledge Ralf Milke (FU Berlin), who contributed to an earlier version of the manuscript but passed away in 2022. Jan Evers provided access to the SEM at the Institut für Geologische Wissenschaften of the Freie Universität Berlin, Germany. We thank Manfred Ruppel (Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, Germany) for collecting the SEM image 3b. Anja Schreiber (GFZ Potsdam, Germany) is thanked for FIB sample preparation.
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ML, MG, and SM were responsible for the project design. SM collected the samples. ML carried out the SEM analyses and light microscopy. TEM analyses were done by RW. The authors, except RM, discussed the results and submitted manuscript, which was written by ML, MG and SM.
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Liesegang, M., Ghobara, M., Matting, S. et al. The colourful optical appearance of centric diatom fossil frustules with diagenetic nanocrystalline calcite fill. Facies 70, 1 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10347-023-00675-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10347-023-00675-6