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An active large rock slide in the Andean paraglacial environment: the Yerba Loca landslide, central Chile

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Abstract

A ca. 2.5 million m3 landslide occurred in August 2018 in the Yerba Loca valley, Andes Main Cordillera (33° 15′ S), at about 4000 m a.s.l. The Yerba Loca landslide is a multirotational slide, with a main scarp and failure surface developed in a volcanic rock mass, with secondary scarps and tilted blocks disturbing the colluvial soil cover. No clear trigger could be identified, although the failure took place some weeks after the largest winter precipitation and a sequence of snowfall and snowmelt, in the context of a severe drought. Inspection of optical satellite images suggests that the landslide suffered slow deformation for at least 15 years, increasing in the months prior to the failure. To corroborate these precursor deformations, InSAR analyses were performed at two time and spatial scales. For over 3 years, deformation in the landslide area was detected, while the local, short-term analysis from the 7 months before failure shows line-of-sight deformation rates at the landslide site of over 10 cm/year. Deformation continues after the failure with decreasing speed, with indications of further activity and expansion of the failure zone. This implies a hazard of rock avalanche, debris flows and/or river damming and subsequent outburst floods that may endanger communities downstream. The Yerba Loca landslide is an example of rock slope failure in paraglacial conditions and the influence of climatic factors in the context of climate change for the central Andes. This event represents an opportunity for learning on landslide mechanisms, remote sensing monitoring and hazard assessment of slow, large volume landslides in the Andean highlands.

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Acknowledgements

This research has been funded by the University of O’Higgins and FONDECYT project 1201360, in collaboration with the Chilean Geological Survey (Sernageomin). We specially thank Leonardo Espinoza (Sernageomin) for his valuable knowledge on the study area, Oriol Monserrat (Centre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya) for providing support on the Sentinel-1 SAR data processing and Sebastián Galaz (U. de Chile) who contributed with a geological background review.

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Funding

 This research has been funded by the University of O’Higgins, FONDECYT project 1201360, in collaboration with the Chilean Geological Survey (Sernageomin).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Ciencias de la Ingeniería, Universidad de O’Higgins, Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins, 611, Rancagua, Chile

    Sergio A. Sepúlveda

  2. Departamento de Geología, Universidad de Chile, Plaza Ercilla, 803, Santiago, Chile

    Sergio A. Sepúlveda, Marisol Lara, Javiera Carrasco, Sofía Rebolledo & Mario Garcés

  3. Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería, Av. Santa María 0104, Providencia, Santiago, Chile

    Alejandro Alfaro & Paula Olea-Encina

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  1. Sergio A. Sepúlveda
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  2. Alejandro Alfaro
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Correspondence to Sergio A. Sepúlveda.

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Sepúlveda, S.A., Alfaro, A., Lara, M. et al. An active large rock slide in the Andean paraglacial environment: the Yerba Loca landslide, central Chile. Landslides 18, 697–705 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-020-01564-7

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