Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Impact of landslides on transportation routes during the 2016–2017 Central Italy seismic sequence

  • Technical Note
  • Published:
Landslides Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Hundreds of landslides were triggered by the mainshocks (up to Mw 6.5) that occurred in 2016 in Central Italy during the seismic sequence that originated in the Apennine and ended in January 2017. These landslides were studied via field-based investigation and remote sensing techniques during the weeks immediately after the mainshocks occurred. EarthQuake-triggered Landslides (EQtLs) mostly consisted of rockfalls and rockslides. The spatial distribution of the examined EQtLs with respect to the epicentres of the main shocks resulted in very good agreement with the available empirical curves of maximum distance vs. magnitude. Based on the collected dataset, approximately 70% of the landslides impacted transportation routes (national, provincial and secondary roads linking towns and mountain villages) since they principally detached from road cuts. The landslides caused traffic interruption, and some delayed rescue vehicles from reaching the zones most damaged by earthquakes; moreover, some landslides caused the temporary isolation of several localities in the epicentre area. Even if it seems obvious that road cuts favour slope failure under shaking conditions, the dataset reported here is the first one for Italy where such an effect is quantified. Moreover, a statistical analysis was conducted to explore the relationships between the spatial distribution of EQtLs and some selected causative factors, including both natural (i.e., earthquake and terrain) and anthropogenic factors (i.e., presence of roads and trackways). Among the considered combinations of causative factors (both natural and anthropogenic), this study demonstrates that the occurrence of the uphill road cuts at the bottom of deep incised V-shaped valleys strongly influenced the spatial clustering of the EQtL triggered in 2016 in Central Italy.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13

References

  • Agterberg FP, Cheng Q (2002) Conditional independence test for weights-of-evidence modelling. Nat Resour Res 11(4):249–255

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alfaro P, Delgado J, Garcia-Tortosa FJ, Giner JJ, Lenti L, Lopez-Casado C, Martino S, Scarascia Mugnozza G (2012a) The role of near-field interaction between seismic waves and slope on the triggering of a rockslide at Lorca (SE Spain). Nat Hazards and Earth Syst Sci 12:3631–3643

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alfaro P, Delgado J, Garcia-Tortosa FJ, Lenti L, Lopez JA, Lopez-Casado C, Martino (2012b) Widespread landslides induced by the Mw 5.1 earthquake of 11 May 2011 in Lorca, SE Spain. Eng Geol 137-138:40–52

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anbazhagan P, Srinivas S, Chandran D (2012) Classification of road damage due to earthquakes. Nat Hazards 60:425–460

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aringoli D, Cavitolo P, Farabollini P, Galindo-Zaldivar J, Gentili B, Giano SI, Lòpez-Garrido AC, Materazzi M, Nibbi L, Pedrera A, Pambianchi G, Ruano P, Ruiz-Constàn A, Sanz de Galdeano C, Savelli D, Tondi E, Troiani F (2014) Morphotectonic characterization of the quaternary intermontane basins in the Umbria-Marche Apennines (Italy). Rendiconti Lincei 25(2):11–128

    Google Scholar 

  • Athanasopoulos GA, Pelekis PC, Leonidou EA (1999) Effects of surface topography on seismic ground response in the Egion (Greece) 15 June 1995 earthquake. Soil Dynam Earthq Eng 18:135–149

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bakavoli MK, Hagshenhas E (2010) Experimental and numerical study of topographic site effect on a hill near Tehran. Proc Fifth International Conference of Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics, 24–29 May, S Diego, California, 1–9

  • Barlow J, Barisin I, Rosser N, Petley D, Densmore A, Wright T (2015) Seismically-induced mass movements and volumetric fluxes resulting from the 2010 Mw=72 earthquake in the Sierra Cucapah, Mexico. Geomorphology 230:138–145

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bigi S, Costa Pisani P (2005) From a deformed Peri-Tethyan carbonate platform to a fold-andthrust-belt: an example from the Central Apennines (Italy). J Struct Geol 27:523–539

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bigi S, Casero P, Ciotoli G (2011) Seismic interpretation of the Laga Basin; constraints on the structural setting and kinematics of the Central Apennines. J Geol Soc 168:179–190

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boncio P, Lavecchia G, Pace B (2004) Defining a model of 3D seismogenic sources for seismic hazard assessment applications: the case of central Apennines (Italy). J Seismol 8:407–425

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bonham-Carter GF (1994) Geographic Information Systems for geoscientists: modelling with GIS. Pergamon. Oxford

  • Bonham-Carter GF, Agterberg FP, Wright DF (1989) Weights of evidence modelling: a new approach to mapping mineral potential. In: Agterberg, DF, Bonham-Carter, GF (Eds), Statistical applications in Earth Sciences Geological Survey of Canada, Ottawa

  • Bozzano F, Lenti L, Martino S, Montagna A, Paciello A (2011) Earthquake triggering of landslides in highly jointed rock masses: reconstruction of the 1783 Scilla rock avalanche (Italy). Geomorphology 129(3–4):294–308

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brunetti MT, Guzzetti F, Rossi M (2009) Probability distributions of landslide volumes. Nonlinear Process Geophys 16:179–188

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burjanek J, Moore JR, Yugsi-Molina FX, Fah D (2012) Instrumental evidence of normal mode rock slope vibration. Geophys J Int 188:559–569

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burjanek J, Edwards B, Fah D (2014) Empirical evidence of local seismic effects at sites with pronounced topography: a systematic approach. Geophys J Int 197:608–619

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Calamita F, Paltrinieri W, Pelorosso M, Scisciani V, Tavarnelli E (2003) Inherited Mesozoic architecture of the Adria continental palaeomargin in the Neogene central Apennines orogenic system, Italy. Boll Soc Geol Ital 122:307–318

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen W, Zhang S, Li R, Shahabi H (2018) Performance evaluation of the gis-based data mining techniques of best-first decision tree, random forest, and naïve bayes tree for landslide susceptibility modeling. Sci Total Environ 644:1006–1018

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chung CJ, Fabbri AG (2003) Validation of spatial prediction models for landslide hazard mapping. Nat Hazards 30(3):451–472

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ciarapica G, Passeri L (2002) The palaeogeographic duplicity of the Apennines. Boll Soc Geol Ital Spec Vol 1:67–75

    Google Scholar 

  • Collins BD, Jibson RW (2015) Assessment of existing and potential landslide hazards resulting from the April 25, 2015 Gorkha, Nepal earthquake sequence (ver 11, August 2015): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1142, 50 p

  • Corominas J, Mavrouli O, Ruiz-Carulla R (2018) Magnitude and frequency relations: are there geological constraints to the rockfall size? Landslides 15:829–845

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Delgado J, Garrido J, López-Casado C, Martino S, Peláez JA (2011) On far field occurrence of seismically induced landslides. Eng Geol 123:204–213

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Delgado J, Rodríguez-Peces MJ, García-Tortosa FJ, Garrido J, Martín I, Alfaro P (2017) Seismic-induced landslides: lessons learned from recent earthquakes in Spain. In: Mikoš M, Casagli N, Yin Y, Sassa K (eds), Advancing Culture of Living with Landslides. Volume 4 Diversity of Landslide Forms. Springer International Publishing AG, Cham, pp 111–117

  • DISS Working Group (2015) Database of Individual Seismogenic Sources (DISS), version 320 (201): a compilation of potential sources for earthquakes larger than M 55 in Italy and surrounding areas http://www.dissrmingvit/diss/, INGV. Accessed December 2018

  • Dussauge C, Grasso JR, Helmstetter A (2003) Statistical analysis of rock-fall volume distributions: implications for rock-fall dynamics. J Geophys Res 108(B6):2286

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dussauge-Peisser C, Helmstetter A, Grasso J-R, Hantz D, Desvarreux P, Jeannin M, Giraud A (2002) Probabilistic approach to rock-fall hazard assessment: potential of historical data analysis. Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 2:15–26

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Evans SG, Bent AL (2004) The Las Colinas landslide, Santa Tecla: a highly destructive flowslide triggered by the January 13, 2001, El Salvador earthquake. In Natural hazards in El Salvador, Geological Society of America Special Paper edited by WI Rose, JJ Bommer DL López, MJ Carr, JJ Major, Vol. 375

  • Falcini F, Marini M, Milli S, Moscatelli M (2009) An inverse problem to infer paleoflow conditions from turbidites. J Geophys Res 114:C10019

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fan X, Scaringi G, Xu Q, Zhan W, Dai L, Li Y, Pei X, Yang Q, Huang R (2018) Coseismic landslides triggered by the 8th August 2017 Ms 70 Jiuzhaigou earthquake (Sichuan, China): factors controlling their spatial distribution and implications for the seismogenic blind fault identification. Landslides 15:967–983

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fortunato C, Martino S, Prestininzi A, Romeo WR, Fantini A, Sarandrea P (2012) New release of the Italian catalogue of earthquake-induced ground failures (CEDIT). Italian Journal of Engineering Geology and Environment 2:63–74

    Google Scholar 

  • Galli P, Castenetto S, Peronace E (2017) Rapporto sugli effetti macrosismici del terremoto del 30 Ottobre 2016 (Monti Sibillini) in scala MCS Roma, Rapporto congiunto DPC, CNRIGAG, 17+8 pp

  • Geli L, Bard PY, Jullien B (1988) The effect of topography on earthquake ground motion: a review and new results. Bull Seism Soc Am 78:42–63

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghisetti F, Vezzani L (1991) Thrust belt development in the central Apennines (Italy): northward polarity of thrusting and out-of-sequence deformations in the Gran Sasso Chain. Tectonics 10:904–919

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guzzetti F, Reichenbach P, Ghigi S (2004) Rock-fall hazard and risk assessment in the Nera River Valley, Umbria Region, central Italy. Environ Manag 34(2):191–208

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hofer L, Zampieri M, Zanina A, Faleschini F, Pellegrino C (2018) Seismic damage survey and empirical fragility curves for churches after the August 24, 2016 Central Italy earthquake. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 11:98–109

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hungr O, McDougall S, Wise M, Cullen M (1999) Magnitude–frequency relationships of debris flows and debris avalanches in relation to slope relief. Geomorphology 96:355–365

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hussin HY, Zumpano V, Sterlacchini S, Reichenbach P, van Westen C, Micu M, Bãlteanu D (2016) Different landslide sampling strategies in a grid-based bi-variate statistical susceptibility model. Geomorphology 253:508–523

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jenness J, Brost B, Beier P (2011) Land facet corridor designer: extension for ArcGIS. Jenness Enterprises www.jennessent.com/arcgis/land_facetshtm

  • Jibson RW, Harp EL (2012) Extraordinary distance limits of landslides triggered by the 2011 mineral, Virginia. Bull Seism Soc Am 102(6):2368–2377

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kamalian M, Sohrabi-Bidar A, Razmkhah A, Taghavi A, Rahmani I (2008) Considerations on seismic microzonation in areas with two-dimensional hills. J Earth Syst Sci 117:783–796

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keefer DK (1984) Landslides caused by earthquakes. Geol Soc Am Bull 95:406–421

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kirschbaum DB, Adler R, Hong Y, Hill S, Lerner-Lam A (2010) A global landslide catalog for hazard applications: method, results, and limitations. Nat Hazards 52:561–575

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Losasso L, Pascale S, Sdao F (2017) Landslides risk assessment along roads: the transportation corridors of the “Dolomiti Lucane” (Basilicata). In: Mikoš M, Casagli N, Yin Y, Sassa K, Mikoš M et al (eds) Advancing culture of living with landslides. Cham, Springer International Publishing AG, pp 661–667

    Google Scholar 

  • Malamud BD, Turcotte DL, Guzzetti F, Reichenbach P (2004) Landslide inventories and their statistical properties. Earth Surf Process Landforms 29:687–711

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marques FMSF (2008) Magnitude–frequency of sea cliff instabilities. Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 8:1161–1171

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martino S (2015) Earthquake-induced reactivation of landslides: recent advances and future perspectives. In: D’Amico S (ed) Earthquakes and their impact on society. Cham, Springer International Publishing AG, pp 291–322

    Google Scholar 

  • Martino S (2017) Earthquake-induced landslides in Italy: from the distribution of effects to the hazard mapping. Italian Journal of Engineering Geology and Environment 1:53–67

    Google Scholar 

  • Martino S, Prestininzi A, Romeo RW (2014) Earthquake-induced ground failures in Italy from a reviewed database. Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 14:799–814

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martino S, Bozzano F, Caporossi P, D’Angiò D, Della Seta M, Esposito C, Fantini A, Fiorucci M, Giannini LM, Iannucci R, Marmoni GM, Mazzanti P, Missori C, Moretto S, Rivellino S, Romeo RW, Sarandrea P, Schilirò L, Troiani F, Varone C (2017) Ground effects triggered by the August 24th 2016, Mw 60 Amatrice (Italy) earthquake: survey and inventorying to update the CEDIT catalogue. Geogr Fis Dinam Quat 40:77–95

    Google Scholar 

  • Mason D, Brabhaharan P, Saul G (2017) Performance of road networks in the 2016 Kaikōura earthquake: observations on ground damage and outage effects. In: Alexander GJ, Chin CY (eds.) Proc 20th NZGS Geotechnical Symposium Napier, pp. 1–8

  • Mazzanti P, Bozzano F (2011) Revisiting the February 6th 1783 Scilla (Calabria, Italy) landslide and tsunami by numerical simulation. Mar Geophys Res 32(1–2):273–286

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Michele M, Di Stefano R, Chiaraluce L, Cattaneo M, De Gori P, Monachesi G, Latorre D, Marzorati S, Valoroso L, Ladina C, Chiarabba C, Lauciani V, Fares M (2016) The Amatrice 2016 seismic sequence: a preliminary look at the mainshock and aftershocks distribution. Ann Geophys 59, Fast Track 5

  • Moore ID, Grayson RB, Ladson AR (1991) Digital terrain modelling: A review of hydrological, geomorphological, and biological applications. Hydrol Process 5(1):3–30

  • Nayak J (2010) Landslide risk assessment along a major road corridor based on historical landslide inventory and traffic analysis. PhD Thesis of the International Institute for Geoinformation Science and Earth Observation (Enschede, Netherland) and Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (Dehradun, India), pp 104

  • Pace P, Calamita F, Tavarnelli E (2015) Brittle-ductile shear zones along inversion-related frontal and oblique thrust ramps insights from the Central–Northern Apennines curved thrust system (Italy). In: Mukherjee S, Mulchrone KF (eds) Ductile shear zones: from micro- to macro-scales. Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken (NJ), pp 111–127

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Pereira S, Zêzere JL, Bateira C (2012) Technical note: assessing predictive capacity and conditional independence of landslide predisposing factors for shallow landslide susceptibility models. Nat Hazards Earth Syst 12:979–988

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Petley DN, Dunning SA, Rosser NJ (2005) The analysis of global landslide risk through the creation of a database of worldwide landslide fatalities. In: Hungr O, Fell R, Counture R, Ebergardt E (eds) Landslide risk management. Balkema, Amsterdam, pp 367–374

    Google Scholar 

  • Piacentini D, Troiani F, Soldati M, Notarnicola C, Savelli D, Schneiderbauer S, Strada C (2012) Statistical analysis for assessing shallow-landslide susceptibility in south Tyrol (southeastern Alps, Italy). Geomorphology 151–152:196–206

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Piacentini D, Devoto S, Mantovani M, Pasuto A, Prampolini M, Soldati M (2015) Landslide susceptibility modelling assisted by persistent Scatterers interferometry (PSI): an example from the northwestern coast of Malta. Nat Hazards 78(1):681–697

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Piacentini D, Troiani F, Daniele G, Pizziolo M (2018) Historical geospatial database for landslide analysis: the Catalogue of Landslide OCcurrences in the Emilia-Romagna Region (CLOCkER). Landslides 15:811–822. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-018-0962-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pierantoni P, Deiana G, Galdenzi S (2013) Stratigraphic and structural features of the Sibillini Mountains (Umbria-Marche Apennines, Italy). Ital J Geosci 132:497–520

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Polcari M, Montuori A, Bignami C, Moro M, Stramondo S, Tolomei C (2017) Using multi-band InSAR data for detecting local deformation phenomena induced by the 2016–2017 Central Italy seismic sequence. Remote Sens Environ 201:234–242

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Porfido S, Esposito E, Guerrieri L, Vittori E, Tranfaglia G, Pece R (2007) Seismically induced ground effects of the 1805, 1930 and 1980 earthquakes in the Southern Apennines, Italy. Boll Soc Geol It 126:333–346

    Google Scholar 

  • Prestininzi A, Romeo RW (2000) Earthquake-induced ground failures in Italy. Eng Geol 58:387–397

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Razavizadeh S, Solaimani K, Massironi M, Kavian A (2017) Mapping landslide susceptibility with frequency ratio, statistical index, and weights of evidence models: a case study in northern Iran. Environ Earth Sci 76(14):499

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rodriguez CE, Bommer JJ, Chandler RJ (1999) Earthquake-induced landslides: 1980-1997. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 18:325–346

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Romeo S, Di Matteo L, Melelli L, Cencetti C, Dragoni W, Fredduzzi A (2017) Seismic-induced rockfalls and landslide dam following the October 30th, 2016 earthquake in Central Italy. Landslides 14(4):1457–1465

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rönkkö T, Kallunki J, (2017) ArcSDM 5—the new Spatial data modeller toolbox for ArcGis https://www.githubcom/gtkfi/ArcSDM

  • Saltelli A, Chan K, Scott M (2000) Sensitivity analysis, probability and statistics series. John and Wiley & Sons, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanchez-Sesma FJ, Rosenblueth E (1979) Ground motion at canyons of arbitrary shape under incident SH waves. Earthq Eng Struct Dynam 7:441–450

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sawatzky DL, Raines GL, Bonham-Carter GF, Looney CG (2009) Spatial Data Modeller (SDM): ArcMAP 93 geoprocessing tools for spatial data modelling using weights of evidence, Logistic Regression, Fuzzy Logic and Neural Networks

  • Scaioni M, Longoni L, Melillo V, Papini M (2014) Remote sensing for landslide investigations: an overview of recent achievements and perspectives. Remote Sens 6:9600–9652

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stock GM, Collins BD, Santaniello DJ, Zimmer VL, Wieczorek GF, Snyder JB (2013) Historical rock falls in Yosemite National Park, California (1857–2011). U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 746, 17 p. and data files https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/746/

  • Tanyas H, van Westen CJ, Allstadt KE, Nowicki-Jessee MA, Gorum T, Jibson RW, Godt JW, Sato HP, Schmidt RG, Marc O, Hovius N (2017) Presentation and analysis of a world-wide database of earthquake-induced landslide inventories. J Geophys Res-Earth 122:1991–2015

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tien Bui D, Anh Tuan T, Klempe H, Pradhan B, Revhaug I (2016) Spatial prediction models for shallow landslide hazards: a comparative assessment of the efficacy of support vector machines, artificial neural networks, kernel logistic regression, and logistic model tree. Landslides 13(2):361–378

  • Tondi E, Cello G (2003) Spatio-temporal evolution of the central Apennines fault system (Italy). J Geodyn 36:113–128

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vakhshoori V, Zare M (2016) Landslide susceptibility mapping by comparing weight of evidence, fuzzy logic, and frequency ratio methods. Geomat Nat Haz Risk 7(5):1731–1752

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wasowsky J, Keefer DK, Lee CT (2011) Toward the next generation of research on earthquake-induced landslides: current issues and future challenges. Eng Geol 122:1–8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weiss AD (2001) Topographic position and landforms analysis. Poster Presentation, ESRI Users Conference, San Diego, CA

  • Wieczorek GF, Snyder JB, Alger CS, Isaacson KA (1992) Rock falls in Yosemite Valley, California. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92–387, 38 p., 2 appendixes, 4 plates

  • Yifru J (2015) National scale landslide hazard assessment along road corridors of Dominica and Saint Lucia PhD thesis. Faculty of Geoinformation Sciences and Earth Observation of the University of Twente, pp 73

  • Zaslavsky Y, Shapira A (2000) Experimental study of topographic amplification using the Israel seismic network. J Earthq Eng 4:43–65

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank the Parco Nazionale dei Monti Sibillini (O. Olivieri) and the Collegio Regionale delle Guide Alpine della Regione Marche (M. Vallesi) for the logistic support provided during the field activities.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Earth Sciences and Research Center for the Geological Risks (CERI), “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy

    S. Martino, F. Bozzano, P. Caporossi, D. D’Angiò, M. Della Seta, C. Esposito, M. Fiorucci, L. M. Giannini, R. Iannucci, G. M. Marmoni, P. Mazzanti, C. Missori, S. Moretto, S. Rivellino, L. Schilirò & F. Troiani

  2. NHAZCA S.r.l., “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy

    P. Mazzanti & S. Moretto

  3. Tecnostudi Ambiente S.r.l., Rome, Italy

    A. Fantini & P. Sarandrea

  4. Department of Pure and Applied Sciences (DiSPeA), University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Urbino, Italy

    D. Piacentini & R. W. Romeo

  5. École Supérieure d’Ingénieurs des Travaux de la Construction (ESITC) de Paris, Paris, France

    C. Varone

Authors
  1. S. Martino
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. F. Bozzano
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. P. Caporossi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. D. D’Angiò
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. M. Della Seta
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. C. Esposito
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. A. Fantini
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. M. Fiorucci
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. L. M. Giannini
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. R. Iannucci
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. G. M. Marmoni
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  12. P. Mazzanti
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  13. C. Missori
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  14. S. Moretto
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  15. D. Piacentini
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  16. S. Rivellino
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  17. R. W. Romeo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  18. P. Sarandrea
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  19. L. Schilirò
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  20. F. Troiani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  21. C. Varone
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

In the present study, S. Martino was the scientist responsible of the research group and contributed to field surveys, data acquisition and processing; F. Bozzano, M. Della Seta, C. Esposito, P. Mazzanti and R.W. Romeo coordinated specific research activities and contributed to field surveys, data acquisition and pre-processing; P. Caporossi, L.M. Giannini, C. Missori, S. Moretto and L. Schilirò contributed to field surveys and data acquisition; D. D’Angiò, M. Fiorucci, R. Iannucci, G.M. Marmoni, S. Rivellino and C. Varone contributed to field surveys, data acquisition, pre- and post-processing; A. Fantini and P. Sarandrea contributed to field surveys and the geo-database management; and D. Piacentini and F. Troiani performed the spatial and statistical analyses.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to S. Martino.

Additional information

R. W. Romeo died before the publication of this work was completed.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Martino, S., Bozzano, F., Caporossi, P. et al. Impact of landslides on transportation routes during the 2016–2017 Central Italy seismic sequence. Landslides 16, 1221–1241 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-019-01162-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-019-01162-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation