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Identifying the variation in utilization density estimators and home ranges of elephant clans in Aceh, Sumatra, Indonesia

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Abstract

Movement ecology is fundamental to understanding animal home ranges or utilization distribution (UD), and is an important aspect in conservation management strategies. Over the years, there have been several new developments and some contention on which methods are best in determining animal movement and UD. Using data from Global Positioning System (GPS)-tracked Sumatran elephants, minimum convex polygon values (MCP), various Kernel Density Estimator bandwidths (KDE), and dynamic Brownian Bridge Movement Models (dBBMM) were compared to identify the most suitable estimators of space-use. Models were analyzed for variability of home range, goodness of fit, isopleth contour complexity, and precision in representing habitat features. dBBMM was shown to be the most efficient in their representation of elephant home range estimations when compared to other methods in terms of trade-off between type I and type II errors and their ability to classify high- and low-use areas, along with insight into variation of movement. We further discuss the implications of variability in home range estimation regarding conservation and provide recommendations for future studies using similar data.

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Acknowledgments

Research permits, facilitated by Bournemouth University, UK, and International Elephant Foundation, USA, were issued by the Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education (RISTEKDIKTI) (permit numbers: 146/SIP/FRP/E5/Dit.KI/V/2016, 170/SIP/FRP/E5/Dit.KI/VII/2017, 22/EXT/SIP/FRP/E5/Dit.KI/VI/2018) and Balai Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam (BKSDA-Aceh) (S.328/BKSDA.9/2016, S.712/BKSDA.9/2016, S.378/K.20/TU/KSA.2.1/4/2017, S.564/K.20/TU/KSA.2.1/7/2018) to GW. We thank the Heads, Genman Hasibuan and Sapto Aji Prabowo and staff of BKSDA-Aceh and CRU-Aceh for their support to the project. We extend our thanks to Wahdi Azmi, Arman Sayuti, Muhammad Hambal, and Christopher Stremme from the Centre for Wildlife Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, for veterinary support. We are grateful to field assistants from the local communities for their help with tracking the elephants throughout the study. We also thank Deborah Olson, Heidi Riddle, Kylie Bullo, Leif Cocks, and Ajay Desai for their invaluable support to this project. Ajay Desai and two anonymous reviewers provided useful feedback on earlier versions that helped substantially improve the manuscript.

Funding

Funding was provided by the International Elephant Foundation and Elephant Research Foundation M. Philip Kahl Postdoctoral Fellowship, USA, People’s Trust for Endangered Species, UK, International Elephant Project, Australia and Columbus Zoo and Aquarium, USA, to GW. Astra Agro Lestari supported collaring one elephant.

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Authors

Contributions

GW conceived the idea, designed the study, collected the data, conducted the analysis, and led the writing of the manuscript. RJG analyzed the data and contributed to writing the manuscript. All authors contributed critically to the drafts and gave final approval for publication.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gaius Wilson.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Appendices

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Wilson, G., Gray, R.J. & Sofyan, H. Identifying the variation in utilization density estimators and home ranges of elephant clans in Aceh, Sumatra, Indonesia. Eur J Wildl Res 66, 88 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10344-020-01426-6

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