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Screening of the Effect of Mutation Breeding On Biotic Stress Tolerance and Quality Traits of Durum Wheat

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Abstract

Breeding is a promising tool to increase genetic diversity in crop plants for the selection and transfer of favorable genes. Mutation breeding techniques were considered as an evolutionary breeding tool for creating a new elite genotypes resistant to multiple biotic and abiotic stresses. In this context, a total of 70 M4 and 37 M5 mutants selected from three levels of gamma irradiation (100, 150, and 250 Gy) were evaluated for disease resistance and quality traits. Under field conditions, M5 selected mutants at 150 Gy showed higher diseases resistance (Septoria tritici blotch, tan spot, yellow rust, and leaf rust) as well as better grain quality parameters(thousand kernel weight, grain protein content, test weight, gluten content, and wet gluten content). Positive correlations were established for most of the considered parameters on M5 along with a negative association with Septoria tritici blotch, yellow rust, thousand kernel weight, and test weight. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that100 Gy and 150 Gy were good gamma irradiation dose levels in improving and giving effective desirable traits,especially 150 Gy which ensures the best disease resistance and grain quality. These findings are promising tools for exploring the implication of mutation on genetic mechanisms and the transfer of complex traits on elite genotypes.

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Abbreviations

STB:

Septoria Tritici Blotch

TS:

Tan spot

PS:

Yellow rust

PT:

Leaf rust

TKW:

Thousand kernel weight

TW:

test weight

PC:

Grain Protein content

WGC:

wet gluten content

GC:

gluten content

YB:

yellow berry

H:

grain humidity.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the Laboratory of Genetics and Cereal Breeding (LRGAC) at the National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia (INAT), the Regional Field Crops Research Center of Beja (CRRGCB) and Tunisian cereals office at Bir El Kassaa (OC). The authors wish to thank Mouna Guesmi for technical assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Genetics and Cereal Breeding (LR14AGR01), National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia, University of Carthage, Avenue Charles Nicolle 43, 1082, Tunis, Tunisia

    Marwa Hassine & Hajer Slim-Amara

  2. National Research Institute for Rural Engineering, Water and Forests, University of Carthage, 17 street Hédi Karray, BP No. 10, 2080, Ariana, Tunisia

    Mokhtar Baraket

  3. Laboratory of Valorization of Non-Conventional Water (LR 16 INRGREF 02), National Research Institute for Rural Engineering, Water and Forests, University of Carthage, 17 street HédiKarray, BP No. 10, 2080, Ariana, Tunisia

    Nidhal Marzougui

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Contributions

The concept and design of the experiments were prepared by all authors. MH carried out the experiments, collected the data, performed the analysis and wrote the paper. MB coordinated field experiments and helped in the writing of the paper. NM performed the statistical analysis and helped in writing the paper. HSA supervised the analysis of the results and corrected the manuscript draft. All authors have read and approved the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Marwa Hassine.

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M. Hassine, M. Baraket, N. Marzougui and H. Slim-Amara declare that they have no competing interests.

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Hassine, M., Baraket, M., Marzougui, N. et al. Screening of the Effect of Mutation Breeding On Biotic Stress Tolerance and Quality Traits of Durum Wheat. Gesunde Pflanzen 75, 837–846 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-022-00750-y

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