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Biochemical and Physiological Characteristics of Mutant Genotypes in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Contributing to Salinity Tolerance Indices

Biochemische und physiologische Merkmale von Mutantengenotypen bei Reis (Oryza sativa L.), die zu den Salztoleranzindizes beitragen

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Abstract

Salinity is the most prevalent abiotic stress faced by plants. Crop improvement can be achieved using genetic diversity. Therefore, this study aimed to identify relative salinity tolerant varieties among five rice mutant genotypes, which were screened between 100 genotypes through fundamental germination and seedling evaluations. The experiment was conducted as split-plot arrangement based on a randomized complete block design with four replications. The treatments consisted of salinity levels (0, 45, 75 mM) as the main plot and mutant genotypes (Tarom Hashemi1 (TH-1), Tarom Hashemi2 (TH-2) and Tarom Hashemi3 (TH-3), Tarom Chaloosi (TC), and Nemat (N)) as subplots. Thirty-day-old rice seedlings were transferred to the plots. One week later, all genotypes were exposed to salinity stress. There has been a positive and significant correlation between shoot dry weight, catalase, and guaiacol peroxidase; in contrast, a significantly negative correlation was observed between shoot dry weight and malondialdehyde. The chlorophyll a and carotenoid contents significantly reduced under salinity, except for TC; while proline, catalase content, and root Na+/K+ ratio increased in all rice genotypes. The lowest and the highest malondialdehyde content was recorded in TC and TH‑1 under 75 mM, respectively. Overall, more salt-tolerant plants showed osmotic adaptation mechanisms by activating antioxidant enzymes, whereas MDA increased in sensitive cultivars. Furthermore, principal component analysis based on salinity tolerance indexes distinguished that TC could be a more tolerant genotype compared with others. Overall, this salt-tolerant genotype could be selected to develop salt-tolerant rice varieties with high yields in the future.

Zusammenfassung

Versalzung ist der häufigste abiotische Stress, dem Pflanzen ausgesetzt sind. Die Verbesserung von Kulturpflanzen kann durch genetische Vielfalt erreicht werden. Ziel dieser Studie war es daher, relativ salztolerante Sorten unter fünf Reis-Mutantengenotypen zu identifizieren, die unter 100 Genotypen durch grundlegende Keimungs- und Sämlingsbewertungen ausgewählt wurden. Der Versuch wurde als Split-Plot-Anordnung auf der Grundlage eines randomisierten vollständigen Blockversuchs mit vier Wiederholungen durchgeführt. Die Behandlungen bestanden aus den Salzgehaltsstufen (0, 45, 75 mM) als Hauptplot und den Mutantengenotypen (Tarom Hashemi1 (TH-1), Tarom Hashemi2 (TH-2) und Tarom Hashemi3 (TH-3), Tarom Chaloosi (TC) und Nemat (N)) als Subplots. Dreißig Tage alte Reissetzlinge wurden eingepflanzt. Eine Woche später wurden alle Genotypen dem Salzstress ausgesetzt. Es wurde eine positive und signifikante Korrelation zwischen dem Trockengewicht der Triebe, der Katalase und der Guajakolperoxidase festgestellt; im Gegensatz dazu wurde eine signifikant negative Korrelation zwischen dem Trockengewicht der Triebe und dem Malondialdehyd-Gehalt beobachtet. Die Gehalte an Chlorophyll a und Carotinoiden nahmen unter dem Salzgehalt signifikant ab, außer bei TC, während Prolin, der Katalasegehalt und das Na+/K+-Verhältnis der Wurzeln bei allen Reisgenotypen zunahmen. Der niedrigste bzw. höchste Malondialdehyd-Gehalt wurde bei TC und TH‑1 bei 75 mM festgestellt. Insgesamt zeigten salztolerantere Pflanzen osmotische Anpassungsmechanismen, indem sie antioxidative Enzyme aktivierten, während der MDA-Gehalt bei empfindlichen Sorten anstieg. Darüber hinaus ergab die Hauptkomponentenanalyse auf der Grundlage der Salztoleranzindizes, dass TC im Vergleich zu anderen ein toleranterer Genotyp sein könnte. Insgesamt könnte dieser salztolerante Genotyp ausgewählt werden, um in Zukunft salztolerante Reissorten mit hohen Erträgen zu entwickeln.

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Funding

This research was supported by the Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agronomy, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran

    Seyede Roghie Ghadirnezhad Shiade, Hemmatollah Pirdashti, Mohammad Ali Esmaeili & Ghorban Ali Nematzade

  2. Department of Agronomy, Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan (GABIT), Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran

    Ghorban Ali Nematzade

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  1. Seyede Roghie Ghadirnezhad Shiade
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  2. Hemmatollah Pirdashti
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  3. Mohammad Ali Esmaeili
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  4. Ghorban Ali Nematzade
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Correspondence to Seyede Roghie Ghadirnezhad Shiade.

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S.R. Ghadirnezhad Shiade, H. Pirdashti, M.A. Esmaeili and G.A. Nematzade declare that they have no competing interests.

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10343_2022_701_MOESM1_ESM.docx

Supplementary file consisted of the physical and chemical characters of the soil table, and Analysis of variance of the effects of salinity and lines and their interaction on studied traits table

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Ghadirnezhad Shiade, S.R., Pirdashti, H., Esmaeili, M.A. et al. Biochemical and Physiological Characteristics of Mutant Genotypes in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Contributing to Salinity Tolerance Indices. Gesunde Pflanzen 75, 303–315 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-022-00701-7

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