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Seed-Priming: A Novel Approach for Improving Growth Performance and Resistance Against Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Saatgut-Priming: Ein neuartiger Ansatz zur Verbesserung der Wachstumsleistung und der Resistenz gegen Wurzelgallennematoden (Meloidogyne incognita) bei Brotweizen (Triticum aestivum L.)

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Abstract

Meloidogyne incognita is among the most devastating pathogens contributing to heavy yield losses in crops. There is little evidence regarding the use of seed priming against root-knot nematode infestation in bread wheat. The current study was designed to determine the impact of different seed priming treatments in terms of growth performance and reduction in nematode infestation in local varieties of bread wheat. Seed priming was done with four botanical extracts e.g., Neem (Azadirachta indica), Datura (Datura stramonium), Kortuma (Citrullus colocynthis) and Moringa olifera leaf extract. Osmo-priming was done with KNO3 and Magic water. Bio-priming was done with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) Paraburkholderia phytofirmans strain PSJN‑1 and Bacillus subtilis strain MN-54 respectively. The primed seeds were sown in pots and the plants were afterward inoculated with Meloidogyne incognita infective juveniles. The results showed that seed priming with neem leaf extract was the most promising treatment among all the other treatments against nematode infestation in lab and pot trials. After direct application of treatments, it was observed that Neem significantly reduced the percent of egg hatching up to 30% while J2 mortality was 72% compared to control in vitro trials. However, in pot experiment number of galls, females, eggs, and J2 were reduced (24.01, 21.16, 21.21 and 21.30% respectively) in Neem treated plants, whereas PSJN‑1 exhibited maximum plant growth and reduced nematode infestation in pot trial. The study suggested the use of botanical extracts i.e., neem leaf extract and PSJN‑1 as a potential tool for better growth and nematode resistance in bread wheat.

Zusammenfassung

Meloidogyne incognita gehört zu den verheerendsten Krankheitserregern, die zu hohen Ertragsverlusten bei Nutzpflanzen beitragen. Es gibt nur wenige Belege für den Einsatz von Saatgutvorbereitung gegen den Befall mit Wurzelgallennematoden bei Brotweizen. In der vorliegenden Studie sollten die Auswirkungen verschiedener Saatgutbehandlungen auf die Wachstumsleistung und die Reduzierung des Nematodenbefalls bei lokalen Brotweizensorten untersucht werden. Die Saatgutbehandlung wurde mit vier Pflanzenextrakten durchgeführt, nämlich Neem- (Azadirachta indica), Datura- (Datura stramonium), Kortuma- (Citrullus colocynthis) und Moringa olifera-Blattextrakt. Das Osmopriming wurde mit KNO3 und Magic Water durchgeführt. Biopriming wurde mit pflanzenwachstumsfördernden Rhizobakterien (PGPR) Paraburkholderia phytofirmans-Stamm PSJN‑1 bzw. Bacillus subtilis-Stamm MN-54 durchgeführt. Die vorbehandelten Samen wurden in Töpfe ausgesät, und die Pflanzen wurden anschließend mit infektiösen Juvenilen von Meloidogyne incognita beimpft. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass die Vorbehandlung des Saatguts mit Neemblattextrakt die vielversprechendste Behandlung gegen Nematodenbefall in Labor- und Topfversuchen war. Nach direkter Anwendung der Behandlungen wurde festgestellt, dass Neem den Prozentsatz des Eischlupfs um bis zu 30 % reduzierte, während die J2-Mortalität im Vergleich zu den Kontrollversuchen in vitro 72 % betrug. Im Topfversuch wurden jedoch die Anzahl der Gallen, Weibchen, Eier und J2 bei den mit Neem behandelten Pflanzen reduziert (24,01, 21,16, 21,21 bzw. 21,30 %), während PSJN‑1 im Topfversuch ein maximales Pflanzenwachstum und einen geringeren Nematodenbefall aufwies. Die Studie legt die Verwendung von Pflanzenextrakten, d. h. Neem-Blattextrakt und PSJN‑1, als potenzielles Mittel für besseres Wachstum und Nematodenresistenz bei Brotweizen nahe.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan for funding through Project No. NRPU-8097. Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics and Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture (Dr. Muhammad Naveed for provision of bacterial strains) and Ayub Agricultural Research Institute Faisalabad, Pakistan are acknowledged for providing necessary materials needed to carry out the study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Usman Arshad, Muhammad Jabran, Shabir Ahmed, Amjad Abbas, Abdul Jabbar & Muhammad Amjad Ali

  2. State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases, Institute of Plant Protection CAAS, Beijing, China

    Muhammad Jabran

  3. Department of Plant Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China

    Muhammad Salman Zahid

  4. Department of Plant Pathology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan

    Usman Arshad

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  1. Usman Arshad
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  2. Muhammad Jabran
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  4. Amjad Abbas
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  6. Muhammad Salman Zahid
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  7. Muhammad Amjad Ali
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Contributions

UA and SH performed the experiments, analyzed the data and prepared the original manuscript. MJ AA and AJ contributed to collection and preparation of priming solutions. MAA contributed to supervision, editing, conceptualization, analyzing and interpretation of the data. MSZ performed the PCA analysis. All the authors also contributed to reviewing and editing of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Muhammad Amjad Ali.

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Conflict of interest

U. Arshad, M. Jabran, S. Ahmed, A. Abbas, A. Jabbar, M.S. Zahid and M.A. Ali declare that they have no competing interests.

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Arshad, U., Jabran, M., Ahmed, S. et al. Seed-Priming: A Novel Approach for Improving Growth Performance and Resistance Against Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Gesunde Pflanzen 74, 1041–1051 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-022-00672-9

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